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<p>Crude oil pollution is one of the major global environmental problems confronting ecological systems. Physical and chemical methods of remediating crude oil face many setbacks. The biological method using biostimulation techniques is a sustainable, low-cost alternative that can enhance microbial degradation. This study explores the use of gypsum as a biostimulator in combination with nutritional components for the biodegradation of crude oil-polluted water. The degradation process optimization was carried out using Design-Expert 13.0 software. The design parameters were crude oil (1–3&#xa0;mL) from Ohaji Well 3 in Imo State, Nigeria, biostimulator (0.1–0.5&#xa0;g), and time (2–10&#xa0;weeks). Optimal degradation conditions were identified as 2.9&#xa0;mL crude oil, 0.5&#xa0;g of biostimulator, and 9&#xa0;weeks. The Total Heterotrophic Bacterial (THB) growth was monitored using the pour plate method. Crude oil and its degraded products were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). A significant Two-Factor Interaction model (<i>P</i>-value &lt; 0.0001) was developed for crude oil degradation with an optimum degradation rate of 74.38%. The highest THB count of 7.0 × 10⁶ CFU/mL was achieved during the third week of degradation. The First-Order kinetic model effectively described the crude oil degradation, yielding an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.9706. FTIR and GC–MS results show the disappearance and reduction of some prominent peaks, suggesting crude oil degradation. In contrast, new peaks pointed to the formation of biodegradation byproducts. This method of crude oil degradation can be combined with other existing methods for more effectiveness.</p>

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Biostimulation of crude oil polluted water biodegradation using synthesized gypsum from dolomite and nutritional components

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • I. A. Joseph,
  • E. O. Ajala,
  • A. A. El-Imam

摘要

Crude oil pollution is one of the major global environmental problems confronting ecological systems. Physical and chemical methods of remediating crude oil face many setbacks. The biological method using biostimulation techniques is a sustainable, low-cost alternative that can enhance microbial degradation. This study explores the use of gypsum as a biostimulator in combination with nutritional components for the biodegradation of crude oil-polluted water. The degradation process optimization was carried out using Design-Expert 13.0 software. The design parameters were crude oil (1–3 mL) from Ohaji Well 3 in Imo State, Nigeria, biostimulator (0.1–0.5 g), and time (2–10 weeks). Optimal degradation conditions were identified as 2.9 mL crude oil, 0.5 g of biostimulator, and 9 weeks. The Total Heterotrophic Bacterial (THB) growth was monitored using the pour plate method. Crude oil and its degraded products were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). A significant Two-Factor Interaction model (P-value < 0.0001) was developed for crude oil degradation with an optimum degradation rate of 74.38%. The highest THB count of 7.0 × 10⁶ CFU/mL was achieved during the third week of degradation. The First-Order kinetic model effectively described the crude oil degradation, yielding an R2 value of 0.9706. FTIR and GC–MS results show the disappearance and reduction of some prominent peaks, suggesting crude oil degradation. In contrast, new peaks pointed to the formation of biodegradation byproducts. This method of crude oil degradation can be combined with other existing methods for more effectiveness.