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<p>This study develops and optimizes a ground-integrated planar mirror concept for fixed-tilt photovoltaic systems in Khouribga using a full-year, hour-by-hour simulation pipeline that links the Solar Position Algorithm, a clear-sky NI-SPA irradiance model, closed-form reflection geometry, and NOCT temperature correction. With panel tilt (<i>β</i>) fixed at 30°, a two-parameter sweep identifies a practical ridge at mirror tilt (<i>α</i>) near 30° and mirror length (<i>L</i>) near 1.7&#xa0;m, where diminishing returns begin while thermal and cost penalties remain contained. At this operating point, the yearly electrical energy increases from 331.71&#xa0;kWh/m<sup>2</sup> for the PV panel alone to 413.27 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> with the mirror after temperature correction, a gain of 24.59% under deterministic clear-sky irradiance forcing with NOCT-based temperature correction. The optical upper bound without temperature correction reaches 483.52 kWh/m<sup>2</sup>, implying a thermal reduction of 9.5% and 14.08% for the two cases with and without mirror respectively. Monthly analysis shows that reflected uplift is strongest in winter and remains positive in all months after correction. The optimization also reveals that extending <i>L</i> much beyond about 1.7&#xa0;m yields limited incremental energy relative to added penalties. Compared with ranges reported in the literature, the temperature-corrected annual gain aligns with clear-day claims once realistic losses are considered, and it indicates even higher potential in colder conditions.</p>

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Modelling and parameter optimization of a photovoltaic system with ground-integrated mirrors for maximal annual energy yield

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • M. Y. Roboa,
  • A. El Harfouf,
  • M. Nfaoui,
  • S. Hayani Mounir

摘要

This study develops and optimizes a ground-integrated planar mirror concept for fixed-tilt photovoltaic systems in Khouribga using a full-year, hour-by-hour simulation pipeline that links the Solar Position Algorithm, a clear-sky NI-SPA irradiance model, closed-form reflection geometry, and NOCT temperature correction. With panel tilt (β) fixed at 30°, a two-parameter sweep identifies a practical ridge at mirror tilt (α) near 30° and mirror length (L) near 1.7 m, where diminishing returns begin while thermal and cost penalties remain contained. At this operating point, the yearly electrical energy increases from 331.71 kWh/m2 for the PV panel alone to 413.27 kWh/m2 with the mirror after temperature correction, a gain of 24.59% under deterministic clear-sky irradiance forcing with NOCT-based temperature correction. The optical upper bound without temperature correction reaches 483.52 kWh/m2, implying a thermal reduction of 9.5% and 14.08% for the two cases with and without mirror respectively. Monthly analysis shows that reflected uplift is strongest in winter and remains positive in all months after correction. The optimization also reveals that extending L much beyond about 1.7 m yields limited incremental energy relative to added penalties. Compared with ranges reported in the literature, the temperature-corrected annual gain aligns with clear-day claims once realistic losses are considered, and it indicates even higher potential in colder conditions.