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<p>The discharge of urban wastewater into rivers represents a significant public health concern, as it can disseminate pathogenic parasites responsible for waterborne diseases. Among these, helminths and protozoa are of particular significance due to their persistence in aquatic environments and their ability to cause severe infections in humans and animals. This study quantifies the parasite load in urban wastewater discharged into the Khoumane River in Moulay Idriss Zerhoun (Morocco) and evaluates its temporal variability to better understand contamination risks and inform mitigation strategies. Intensive parasitological monitoring was conducted on the town’s main collector, with high-frequency sampling on Thursday, April 7, 2022—a day selected for its representative intense human activity (peak weekly shopping period) in Moulay Idriss Zerhoun, Morocco. Thirteen hourly samples were analysed using the Fitzgerald Fox flotation method for helminths and MIF staining for protozoa. Morphological identification of parasites (e.g., egg size/shape for helminths, cyst wall features for protozoa) was confirmed via light microscopy. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed significant temporal fluctuations in parasite load, with peak concentrations between 10:30 am and 12:30&#xa0;pm coinciding with maximal anthropogenic activity, and troughs during early morning (8:00–10:00) and evening (17:00–19:00). The parasitic community comprised 66% helminths (nematodes: 50%, cestodes: 44%, trematodes: 6%) and 34% protozoan cysts. These findings demonstrate the critical influence of human activity rhythms on effluent parasitological profiles and provide essential reference data for optimising wastewater monitoring strategies in similar urban contexts.</p>

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Temporal dynamics of parasitic contamination in wastewater from the Khoumane River (Moulay Idriss Zerhoun, Morocco)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • A. Saidi,
  • A. Chahlaoui,
  • M. L. Belghiti,
  • Y. Ouballouk,
  • M. Sadki,
  • A. Belkhiri,
  • D. Bengoumi,
  • I. Taha,
  • B. Elhilali

摘要

The discharge of urban wastewater into rivers represents a significant public health concern, as it can disseminate pathogenic parasites responsible for waterborne diseases. Among these, helminths and protozoa are of particular significance due to their persistence in aquatic environments and their ability to cause severe infections in humans and animals. This study quantifies the parasite load in urban wastewater discharged into the Khoumane River in Moulay Idriss Zerhoun (Morocco) and evaluates its temporal variability to better understand contamination risks and inform mitigation strategies. Intensive parasitological monitoring was conducted on the town’s main collector, with high-frequency sampling on Thursday, April 7, 2022—a day selected for its representative intense human activity (peak weekly shopping period) in Moulay Idriss Zerhoun, Morocco. Thirteen hourly samples were analysed using the Fitzgerald Fox flotation method for helminths and MIF staining for protozoa. Morphological identification of parasites (e.g., egg size/shape for helminths, cyst wall features for protozoa) was confirmed via light microscopy. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed significant temporal fluctuations in parasite load, with peak concentrations between 10:30 am and 12:30 pm coinciding with maximal anthropogenic activity, and troughs during early morning (8:00–10:00) and evening (17:00–19:00). The parasitic community comprised 66% helminths (nematodes: 50%, cestodes: 44%, trematodes: 6%) and 34% protozoan cysts. These findings demonstrate the critical influence of human activity rhythms on effluent parasitological profiles and provide essential reference data for optimising wastewater monitoring strategies in similar urban contexts.