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<p>Water leakage represents a major challenge within the framework of integrated water resources management. Its recurrence is influenced by multiple factors, including the quality and type of materials used in pipe manufacturing, hydrodynamic flow conditions, construction and excavation activities, ground deformations, and seismic disturbances. Leak repair is a costly operation, generating significant economic impacts for water utilities while simultaneously undermining the quality, reliability, and availability of potable water resources. This study quantifies the economic burden of leak repairs in the Algerian water supply system, covering adduction pipelines, distribution networks, and household connections. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted using Leakage Simulator, a software tool specifically developed for this research. The analysis considered both the direct maintenance costs of leak repairs and their broader effects on the efficiency of the water supply system. The main results indicate that in Algeria, the average daily cost of repairing water leaks is approximately $114,623.94, corresponding to an annual cost exceeding $41 million, or about $0.93 per inhabitant per year. Leak frequency was estimated at 736.8 leaks per day, compared with the 959 leaks per day reported in national statistics for 2022 (350,000 repairs; &gt; $54 million annually). More recent figures for 2024 show 284,000 leaks repaired, corresponding to 778 leaks per day and an estimated annual repair cost of about $44.2 million. Ultimately, repairing water leaks emerges not only as a technical necessity but also as a strategic responsibility for water utilities, directly linked to economic sustainability and the preservation of vital water resources. Emerging solutions, such as intelligent sensors, geographic information systems (GIS), and artificial intelligence–based spatial analysis, can significantly reduce repair costs while improving the efficiency and resilience of water supply systems.</p>

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Leakage management costs in urban water supply networks: insights from Algeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Salah Eddine Ali Rahmani

摘要

Water leakage represents a major challenge within the framework of integrated water resources management. Its recurrence is influenced by multiple factors, including the quality and type of materials used in pipe manufacturing, hydrodynamic flow conditions, construction and excavation activities, ground deformations, and seismic disturbances. Leak repair is a costly operation, generating significant economic impacts for water utilities while simultaneously undermining the quality, reliability, and availability of potable water resources. This study quantifies the economic burden of leak repairs in the Algerian water supply system, covering adduction pipelines, distribution networks, and household connections. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted using Leakage Simulator, a software tool specifically developed for this research. The analysis considered both the direct maintenance costs of leak repairs and their broader effects on the efficiency of the water supply system. The main results indicate that in Algeria, the average daily cost of repairing water leaks is approximately $114,623.94, corresponding to an annual cost exceeding $41 million, or about $0.93 per inhabitant per year. Leak frequency was estimated at 736.8 leaks per day, compared with the 959 leaks per day reported in national statistics for 2022 (350,000 repairs; > $54 million annually). More recent figures for 2024 show 284,000 leaks repaired, corresponding to 778 leaks per day and an estimated annual repair cost of about $44.2 million. Ultimately, repairing water leaks emerges not only as a technical necessity but also as a strategic responsibility for water utilities, directly linked to economic sustainability and the preservation of vital water resources. Emerging solutions, such as intelligent sensors, geographic information systems (GIS), and artificial intelligence–based spatial analysis, can significantly reduce repair costs while improving the efficiency and resilience of water supply systems.