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<p>Access to clean drinking water remains a critical global challenge, particularly in remote areas with limited infrastructure. Solar stills offer a sustainable solution by utilizing solar energy to purify contaminated water through evaporation and condensation. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a triangular solar still by integrating thermoelectric heating and porous agricultural waste (corn husks) to improve evaporation rates. The design features a transparent glass triangular still with a 22° inclined cover, optimized for efficient vapor condensation. Two configurations were tested: a passive system relying solely on solar energy and an active system incorporating thermoelectric modules powered by a 100W solar panel. Results demonstrated that the active system significantly outperformed the passive one, producing 110&#xa0;mL of distilled water over five hours compared to 68&#xa0;mL, marking a 42&#xa0;mL increase. The active system achieved a 3.7% evaporation efficiency, while the passive system reached 3.02%, confirming the thermoelectric module's contribution to heating and productivity. Additionally, corn husks enhanced water absorption and evaporation due to their porous structure. Water quality analysis confirmed a pH within the WHO-recommended range (6.5–8.5), ensuring safety for consumption. This study highlights the potential of thermoelectric-integrated solar stills combined with agricultural waste to improve freshwater production, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for water-scarce regions. Further optimization could enhance efficiency, making it a viable alternative to conventional desalination methods.</p>

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Eco-friendly desalination: improving evaporation rates in a solar still using agricultural waste materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • A. M. Yusop,
  • M. H. Zakaria,
  • M. N. Al Hafidz Mohd Sofi,
  • R. Mohamed,
  • N. A. Sulaiman,
  • S. A. M. J. Yunus

摘要

Access to clean drinking water remains a critical global challenge, particularly in remote areas with limited infrastructure. Solar stills offer a sustainable solution by utilizing solar energy to purify contaminated water through evaporation and condensation. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a triangular solar still by integrating thermoelectric heating and porous agricultural waste (corn husks) to improve evaporation rates. The design features a transparent glass triangular still with a 22° inclined cover, optimized for efficient vapor condensation. Two configurations were tested: a passive system relying solely on solar energy and an active system incorporating thermoelectric modules powered by a 100W solar panel. Results demonstrated that the active system significantly outperformed the passive one, producing 110 mL of distilled water over five hours compared to 68 mL, marking a 42 mL increase. The active system achieved a 3.7% evaporation efficiency, while the passive system reached 3.02%, confirming the thermoelectric module's contribution to heating and productivity. Additionally, corn husks enhanced water absorption and evaporation due to their porous structure. Water quality analysis confirmed a pH within the WHO-recommended range (6.5–8.5), ensuring safety for consumption. This study highlights the potential of thermoelectric-integrated solar stills combined with agricultural waste to improve freshwater production, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for water-scarce regions. Further optimization could enhance efficiency, making it a viable alternative to conventional desalination methods.