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<p>This study assesses the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle system for geothermal energy recovery at the Moulay Yacoub geothermal field in Morocco. The aim is to optimize medium-enthalpy geothermal resources and provide a sustainable, efficient energy solution aligned with Moroccan energy transition goals. Key findings demonstrate that the proposed system achieves an optimal exergy efficiency of 35.58% and a net exergy efficiency of 30.41% within an evaporation temperature range of 115–130&#xa0;°C. This operation minimizes thermodynamic inefficiencies, aided by precise adjustments in resource temperature, well flow rate, and other parameters. At higher temperatures, the system maintains an efficiency of 30.35%, outperforming many comparable geothermal systems. Optimization results highlight the importance of resource temperature, leading to a total system efficiency of 85.68% under optimal conditions. Economic analysis confirms the viability of the system. The ORC plant delivers a net electrical output of 30&#xa0;MW with a capacity factor of 99.4%, achieving a low levelized cost of energy of 6.52 ¢/kWh. Financial metrics, including a net present value of $12,232,830 and an internal rate of return of 16.33%, demonstrate the system profitability and competitiveness. In terms of environmental impact, the ORC system supports Moroccan Sustainable Development Goals by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and significantly decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Its implementation in rural areas like Moulay Yacoub promotes energy independence, stimulates local economies, and fosters social development. The study also emphasizes the need for addressing implementation risks and ensuring proper financial planning to enhance the scalability and success of geothermal projects. This work introduces a comprehensive energy-economic-environmental assessment framework, providing a holistic evaluation of geothermal energy systems and bridging gaps in existing research. It contributes a broader understanding of geothermal energy potential for sustainable development, with implications for similar regions globally.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimizing geothermal energy in Morocco: integrating energy and water resources for sustainable development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月27日

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  • A. A. Mana,
  • T. Kousksou,
  • A. Jamil

摘要

This study assesses the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance of an Organic Rankine Cycle system for geothermal energy recovery at the Moulay Yacoub geothermal field in Morocco. The aim is to optimize medium-enthalpy geothermal resources and provide a sustainable, efficient energy solution aligned with Moroccan energy transition goals. Key findings demonstrate that the proposed system achieves an optimal exergy efficiency of 35.58% and a net exergy efficiency of 30.41% within an evaporation temperature range of 115–130 °C. This operation minimizes thermodynamic inefficiencies, aided by precise adjustments in resource temperature, well flow rate, and other parameters. At higher temperatures, the system maintains an efficiency of 30.35%, outperforming many comparable geothermal systems. Optimization results highlight the importance of resource temperature, leading to a total system efficiency of 85.68% under optimal conditions. Economic analysis confirms the viability of the system. The ORC plant delivers a net electrical output of 30 MW with a capacity factor of 99.4%, achieving a low levelized cost of energy of 6.52 ¢/kWh. Financial metrics, including a net present value of $12,232,830 and an internal rate of return of 16.33%, demonstrate the system profitability and competitiveness. In terms of environmental impact, the ORC system supports Moroccan Sustainable Development Goals by reducing reliance on fossil fuels and significantly decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. Its implementation in rural areas like Moulay Yacoub promotes energy independence, stimulates local economies, and fosters social development. The study also emphasizes the need for addressing implementation risks and ensuring proper financial planning to enhance the scalability and success of geothermal projects. This work introduces a comprehensive energy-economic-environmental assessment framework, providing a holistic evaluation of geothermal energy systems and bridging gaps in existing research. It contributes a broader understanding of geothermal energy potential for sustainable development, with implications for similar regions globally.

Graphical abstract