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<p>Many developing countries of the world have an agriculture-based economy. In such countries, a large section of the society depends on firewood and kerosene, for meeting their energy needs. Here, the relationship between economic poverty and energy poverty is like that of chicken and egg. Nepal has the potential to generate over 90,000&#xa0;MW hydropower. Although it is 100% renewable energy producer, but it is still not 100% renewable energy consumer. According to census 2021, 92% households of Nepal use electricity for lighting. But only 0.5% households can use this electricity for cooking. In this paper the decrease in energy poverty and learning poverty is analyzed, using the census data of 2001, 2011 and 2021. A sample survey of 110 households of Karamdanda micro hydro project users was also conducted. This micro hydro project (MHP) gives partial electricity access, used primarily for lighting, to 171 households. This paper conducts a mathematical analysis of the change in a village with respect to energy poverty and learning poverty, when it is electrified. It was seen that this MHP resulted in increase of one hour of night time study by students per day, and a decrease of 1.899 L of kerosene per month, on average per household. The impact of this switch from kerosene to electricity and solar and its impact on the national scenario, is also explained by developing a statistical model. Polytomous models linking electricity use to the&#xa0;improvement in socioeconomic and educational status, are also&#xa0;developed here,&#xa0;for this purpose.</p>

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Multivariate analysis of energy poverty and learning poverty: examples from micro hydro users of rural Nepal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • J. U. Devkota

摘要

Many developing countries of the world have an agriculture-based economy. In such countries, a large section of the society depends on firewood and kerosene, for meeting their energy needs. Here, the relationship between economic poverty and energy poverty is like that of chicken and egg. Nepal has the potential to generate over 90,000 MW hydropower. Although it is 100% renewable energy producer, but it is still not 100% renewable energy consumer. According to census 2021, 92% households of Nepal use electricity for lighting. But only 0.5% households can use this electricity for cooking. In this paper the decrease in energy poverty and learning poverty is analyzed, using the census data of 2001, 2011 and 2021. A sample survey of 110 households of Karamdanda micro hydro project users was also conducted. This micro hydro project (MHP) gives partial electricity access, used primarily for lighting, to 171 households. This paper conducts a mathematical analysis of the change in a village with respect to energy poverty and learning poverty, when it is electrified. It was seen that this MHP resulted in increase of one hour of night time study by students per day, and a decrease of 1.899 L of kerosene per month, on average per household. The impact of this switch from kerosene to electricity and solar and its impact on the national scenario, is also explained by developing a statistical model. Polytomous models linking electricity use to the improvement in socioeconomic and educational status, are also developed here, for this purpose.