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<p>Hydrogen, as an essential clean energy carrier, is used in many industries like oil refining and fertilizer production, making it crucial for the energy transition. The global attention has shifted more toward storing hydrogen in underground porous structures to address the escalating energy demand and the urgent need for sustainable energy sources with low carbon emission. Iran is striving to diversify its energy resources to mitigate the negative impacts of excessive use of fossil fuels on environment and to&#xa0;address the supply–demand imbalance of energy. As part of these efforts, the country&#xa0;is exploring hydrogen as a potential energy carrier. This paper presents the techno-economic feasibility, and practical considerations of producing, transporting, storing and utilizing hydrogen in Iran's subsurface structures. The study assesses global practices, prospects, and challenges related to hydrogen storage, and explores Iran's potential by examining suitable underground structures such as aquifers and depleted gas fields located near major consumption centers. After conducting comprehensive analyses and applying screening criteria, a particular gas reservoir in Shiraz province was identified as the most suitable candidate for underground hydrogen storage. The study then investigated the economic and technical aspects of an underground hydrogen storage operation in the selected reservoir, using a ten-year operation scenario involving injection and production cycles. Multi-scenario projections indicate significant potential, estimating an&#xa0;annual production of 105.6 million kilograms of hydrogen over the ten-year operational period.&#xa0;The levelized cost of hydrogen storage is calculated at 2.29 $/kg (equivalent to 0.0697 $/kWh). This production volume corresponds to a remarkable energy output of 3.085 billion kWh. Importantly, at prevailing global market energy prices, this production can meet a significant portion, approximately 51.4% of Shiraz's monthly energy demand, demonstrating the economic viability of hydrogen production and utilization in Iran. Nevertheless, commercializing hydrogen energy in Iran relies on technological progress, an excess of&#xa0;green/low-carbon energy,&#xa0;and continued research to enhance operations and lower hydrogen production costs.</p>

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Techno-economic feasibility of underground hydrogen storage in Iran: a path to sustainable energy integration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月25日

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  • M. Eslami Nia,
  • P. Maleki Asl,
  • H. Mahani,
  • S. Ayatollahi

摘要

Hydrogen, as an essential clean energy carrier, is used in many industries like oil refining and fertilizer production, making it crucial for the energy transition. The global attention has shifted more toward storing hydrogen in underground porous structures to address the escalating energy demand and the urgent need for sustainable energy sources with low carbon emission. Iran is striving to diversify its energy resources to mitigate the negative impacts of excessive use of fossil fuels on environment and to address the supply–demand imbalance of energy. As part of these efforts, the country is exploring hydrogen as a potential energy carrier. This paper presents the techno-economic feasibility, and practical considerations of producing, transporting, storing and utilizing hydrogen in Iran's subsurface structures. The study assesses global practices, prospects, and challenges related to hydrogen storage, and explores Iran's potential by examining suitable underground structures such as aquifers and depleted gas fields located near major consumption centers. After conducting comprehensive analyses and applying screening criteria, a particular gas reservoir in Shiraz province was identified as the most suitable candidate for underground hydrogen storage. The study then investigated the economic and technical aspects of an underground hydrogen storage operation in the selected reservoir, using a ten-year operation scenario involving injection and production cycles. Multi-scenario projections indicate significant potential, estimating an annual production of 105.6 million kilograms of hydrogen over the ten-year operational period. The levelized cost of hydrogen storage is calculated at 2.29 $/kg (equivalent to 0.0697 $/kWh). This production volume corresponds to a remarkable energy output of 3.085 billion kWh. Importantly, at prevailing global market energy prices, this production can meet a significant portion, approximately 51.4% of Shiraz's monthly energy demand, demonstrating the economic viability of hydrogen production and utilization in Iran. Nevertheless, commercializing hydrogen energy in Iran relies on technological progress, an excess of green/low-carbon energy, and continued research to enhance operations and lower hydrogen production costs.