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<p>This study investigates the performance of a water-based cooling system for photovoltaic (PV) modules under the extreme climatic conditions of the Saharan region. The system applies intermittent water flow directly over the PV panel surface, activated at set temperatures of 35°C and 45°C, and operates at two flow rates (0.037 and 0.17 L/s). Our results demonstrate significant improvements in both temperature reduction and electrical efficiency, with temperature drops ranging from 28.7 to 33.0°C, depending on the cooling configuration. The maximal electrical efficiency of the PV panels with the water cooling system was observed at a flow rate of 0.17 m/s and a set temperature of 35°C. It increased from 17.58% (without cooling) to 21.92% (with cooling), representing a maximum improvement rate of 24.68% and an average improvement of 20.55%. Additionally, the system contributes to resource efficiency by enabling water reuse for irrigation, particularly after cooling to safe temperature levels. The intermittent water flow not only minimizes water consumption but also ensures homogeneous cooling without impacting the panel's optical properties, such as transmittance and reflectivity. Compared to existing cooling methods, the proposed system offers a cost-effective, sustainable solution that is easy to install and operate without expert intervention. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing PV performance in harsh environments, addressing both energy efficiency and water resource management.</p>

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Experimental evaluation of water cooling effects on photovoltaic module performance in a hot climate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月3日

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  • H. Necib,
  • H. Kadi,
  • D. Belatrache,
  • Y. B. Hammou

摘要

This study investigates the performance of a water-based cooling system for photovoltaic (PV) modules under the extreme climatic conditions of the Saharan region. The system applies intermittent water flow directly over the PV panel surface, activated at set temperatures of 35°C and 45°C, and operates at two flow rates (0.037 and 0.17 L/s). Our results demonstrate significant improvements in both temperature reduction and electrical efficiency, with temperature drops ranging from 28.7 to 33.0°C, depending on the cooling configuration. The maximal electrical efficiency of the PV panels with the water cooling system was observed at a flow rate of 0.17 m/s and a set temperature of 35°C. It increased from 17.58% (without cooling) to 21.92% (with cooling), representing a maximum improvement rate of 24.68% and an average improvement of 20.55%. Additionally, the system contributes to resource efficiency by enabling water reuse for irrigation, particularly after cooling to safe temperature levels. The intermittent water flow not only minimizes water consumption but also ensures homogeneous cooling without impacting the panel's optical properties, such as transmittance and reflectivity. Compared to existing cooling methods, the proposed system offers a cost-effective, sustainable solution that is easy to install and operate without expert intervention. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing PV performance in harsh environments, addressing both energy efficiency and water resource management.