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<p>Water pollution has emerged as a significant challenge in China, primarily driven by various human activities. Consequently, accessing clean and safe drinking water remains a pressing issue for segments of the population. This study, therefore, investigates the water quality of the seven major rivers and four major seas in China between 2005 and 2019. The findings indicate that the primary pollutants in the critical freshwater and marine ecosystems were chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index, petroleum, and total phosphorus. The analysis revealed that from 2007 to 2015, China's total wastewater and chemical oxygen demand discharge amounted to 581.9 billion metric tons and 170.13&#xa0;million metric tons, respectively. The multiple regression analysis demonstrated strong linear relationships between the predictor variables chemical oxygen demand, NH<sub>3</sub>-N, petroleum, total phosphorus, and wastewater in the Bohai (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94, p = 0.03), Yellow (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97, p = 0.003), and East China Seas (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.94, p = 0.033). Additionally, the Yellow Sea exhibited strong positive correlations between total phosphorus and NH<sub>3</sub>–N (r = 0.96), chemical oxygen demand and petroleum (r = 0.94), and chemical oxygen demand and NH<sub>3</sub>–N (r = 0.91). Similarly, the South China Sea showed robust positive correlations between chemical oxygen demand and NH<sub>3</sub>–N (r = 0.98), chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus (r = 0.97), and chemical oxygen demand and petroleum (r = 0.94). This study provides a solid foundation for harmonizing water quality assessment criteria and guiding future investigations, policy formulation, and implementation strategies.</p>

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An overview of the water quality of China's key freshwater and marine resources

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • B. I. Musah,
  • Lai Peng

摘要

Water pollution has emerged as a significant challenge in China, primarily driven by various human activities. Consequently, accessing clean and safe drinking water remains a pressing issue for segments of the population. This study, therefore, investigates the water quality of the seven major rivers and four major seas in China between 2005 and 2019. The findings indicate that the primary pollutants in the critical freshwater and marine ecosystems were chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index, petroleum, and total phosphorus. The analysis revealed that from 2007 to 2015, China's total wastewater and chemical oxygen demand discharge amounted to 581.9 billion metric tons and 170.13 million metric tons, respectively. The multiple regression analysis demonstrated strong linear relationships between the predictor variables chemical oxygen demand, NH3-N, petroleum, total phosphorus, and wastewater in the Bohai (R2 = 0.94, p = 0.03), Yellow (R2 = 0.97, p = 0.003), and East China Seas (R2 = 0.94, p = 0.033). Additionally, the Yellow Sea exhibited strong positive correlations between total phosphorus and NH3–N (r = 0.96), chemical oxygen demand and petroleum (r = 0.94), and chemical oxygen demand and NH3–N (r = 0.91). Similarly, the South China Sea showed robust positive correlations between chemical oxygen demand and NH3–N (r = 0.98), chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus (r = 0.97), and chemical oxygen demand and petroleum (r = 0.94). This study provides a solid foundation for harmonizing water quality assessment criteria and guiding future investigations, policy formulation, and implementation strategies.