Optimized distribution of black cylinder ceramic magnet with dual effects of magnetic field and thermal energy storage to enhance the productivity of conical solar distillers

Solar distillers represent one of the most important solutions to overcome the problem of freshwater shortages in remote areas, but they have the drawback of their low productivity. Since conical solar distillers represent one of the best designs that are characterized by a large surface for receiving and condensing, so the present study aims to provide an effective solution to achieve the highest productivity of conical solar distillers. To achieve this idea, the black ceramic magnets with dual effects of magnetic field and thermal energy storage were incorporated in the basin of conical solar distillers, to increase the evaporation rates and then improve its productivity. Also, study the optimized distribution of black cylinder ceramic magnets (16 mm diameter and 5 mm height) that achieve the highest productivity of conical solar distillers. To obtain the optimal gap between black cylinder ceramic magnets, four gap distances of 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm were studied and compared to a conical distiller without black ceramic magnets. The results presented that the use of black cylinder ceramic magnets represents the effective choice for raising the accumulative yield of conical solar distillers to 7700, 7100, 6650, and 6150 g/m² day, for gap distances of 3, 4, 5, and 6 cm, respectively compared to 5500 g/m² day that was produced by reference conical distiller. Finally, 3 cm represents the optimal gap distances of black cylinder ceramic magnets that achieve the highest productivity of the conical distiller with an improvement of 40.00% compared to the reference conical distiller.