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<p>The utilization of waste glass powder (WGP) as a supplementary cementitious material has attracted significant attention in sustainable construction owing to its high silica content, pozzolanic activity, and micro-filler effect. This review critically evaluates the influence of WGP on the performance of cementitious materials with particular emphasis on interfacial transition zone (ITZ) modification, mechanical properties, durability, and alkali–silica reaction (ASR) mitigation. The effects of key parameters including particle size, replacement level, curing conditions, and glass type are systematically examined. Literature findings indicate that finely ground WGP (&lt; 75&#xa0;μm) typically incorporated at replacement levels of 10–20%, can enhance compressive strength by approximately 10–25% through secondary C–S–H formation, improved particle packing, and ITZ densification. Furthermore, WGP reduces chloride permeability by 30–60% and decreases water absorption owing to pore refinement and reduced connectivity of capillary pores. The improved microstructure contributes to enhanced resistance against aggressive environmental exposures. Fine WGP also mitigates ASR expansion by promoting pozzolanic consumption of alkalis and calcium hydroxide, thereby reducing the formation of expansive ASR gel. Current evidence indicates that WGP has the potential to improve the sustainability of cementitious materials through partial cement replacement and waste glass utilization, although the magnitude of these environmental benefits depends on material processing, replacement level, and project-specific conditions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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From waste to resource: a critical review of waste glass powder as a green supplementary cementitious material for enhanced concrete performance and ASR control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月15日

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  • Hariharan Surendran,
  • R Vignesh,
  • Pingping He

摘要

The utilization of waste glass powder (WGP) as a supplementary cementitious material has attracted significant attention in sustainable construction owing to its high silica content, pozzolanic activity, and micro-filler effect. This review critically evaluates the influence of WGP on the performance of cementitious materials with particular emphasis on interfacial transition zone (ITZ) modification, mechanical properties, durability, and alkali–silica reaction (ASR) mitigation. The effects of key parameters including particle size, replacement level, curing conditions, and glass type are systematically examined. Literature findings indicate that finely ground WGP (< 75 μm) typically incorporated at replacement levels of 10–20%, can enhance compressive strength by approximately 10–25% through secondary C–S–H formation, improved particle packing, and ITZ densification. Furthermore, WGP reduces chloride permeability by 30–60% and decreases water absorption owing to pore refinement and reduced connectivity of capillary pores. The improved microstructure contributes to enhanced resistance against aggressive environmental exposures. Fine WGP also mitigates ASR expansion by promoting pozzolanic consumption of alkalis and calcium hydroxide, thereby reducing the formation of expansive ASR gel. Current evidence indicates that WGP has the potential to improve the sustainability of cementitious materials through partial cement replacement and waste glass utilization, although the magnitude of these environmental benefits depends on material processing, replacement level, and project-specific conditions.

Graphical abstract