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<p>Hybrid Base Isolation Systems (HBISs) represent an advanced seismic protection strategy that integrates multiple isolation and energy dissipation mechanisms to overcome the limitations of single isolation systems and enhance structural resilience during earthquakes. This paper reviews their development, classification, and seismic performance, with emphasis on system configurations, analytical and experimental modeling techniques, and comparative effectiveness in reducing seismic demands. HBISs combine passive isolation components such as rubber bearings, sliding bearings, and fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators with supplemental devices including viscous dampers, semi-active systems (notably magnetorheological dampers), and active control systems using hydraulic actuators, contributing to energy dissipation, re-centering, and adaptability. They are classified into passive-passive, passive-semi-active, and passive-active systems. Passive-passive systems, widely used in buildings and bridges, typically combine rubber and sliding bearings to lengthen the structural period while maintaining re-centering and torsional stability. Passive-semi-active systems improve adaptability through magnetorheological dampers controlled by real-time algorithms, achieving enhanced displacement and acceleration control with minimal power demand. passive–active systems provide the highest seismic performance via real-time force generation, albeit with increased complexity, energy requirements, and maintenance. Experimental and numerical studies indicate that HBISs outperform conventional base isolation systems, achieving reductions of up to approximately 75% in maximum base drift while improving control of floor accelerations and base shear; however, challenges related to cost, system complexity, control reliability, and limited large-scale validation remain, necessitating further research and development.</p>

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Hybrid base isolation systems in earthquake engineering: classification, experimental and analytical insights, and performance assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Ameer Mohammed Salih,
  • Sardar Rashid Mohammad Ali,
  • Tre Alan Abdullah,
  • Ilham Jamal Hama,
  • Sima Jamil Ahmed

摘要

Hybrid Base Isolation Systems (HBISs) represent an advanced seismic protection strategy that integrates multiple isolation and energy dissipation mechanisms to overcome the limitations of single isolation systems and enhance structural resilience during earthquakes. This paper reviews their development, classification, and seismic performance, with emphasis on system configurations, analytical and experimental modeling techniques, and comparative effectiveness in reducing seismic demands. HBISs combine passive isolation components such as rubber bearings, sliding bearings, and fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators with supplemental devices including viscous dampers, semi-active systems (notably magnetorheological dampers), and active control systems using hydraulic actuators, contributing to energy dissipation, re-centering, and adaptability. They are classified into passive-passive, passive-semi-active, and passive-active systems. Passive-passive systems, widely used in buildings and bridges, typically combine rubber and sliding bearings to lengthen the structural period while maintaining re-centering and torsional stability. Passive-semi-active systems improve adaptability through magnetorheological dampers controlled by real-time algorithms, achieving enhanced displacement and acceleration control with minimal power demand. passive–active systems provide the highest seismic performance via real-time force generation, albeit with increased complexity, energy requirements, and maintenance. Experimental and numerical studies indicate that HBISs outperform conventional base isolation systems, achieving reductions of up to approximately 75% in maximum base drift while improving control of floor accelerations and base shear; however, challenges related to cost, system complexity, control reliability, and limited large-scale validation remain, necessitating further research and development.