<p>The increasing emphasis on sustainable retrofitting of buildings has brought attention to the need for optimizing trade-offs among critical objectives, such as time, cost, energy consumption, and risk. This study proposes an opposition-based multi-objective ant colony optimization (OB-MOACO) framework to address these challenges effectively. The framework incorporates opposition-based learning to enhance solution exploration and convergence in multi-objective optimization problems, specifically tailored for sustainable retrofitting projects. The study develops a time–cost–energy–risk trade-off (TCERT) model with four objectives: minimizing retrofitting time, cost, energy consumption, and risks. The model integrates constraints related to budget, project timelines, and energy efficiency to ensure feasibility and sustainability. A detailed case study of retrofitting a mixed-use building is presented, encompassing 11 aspects such as structural reinforcement, energy efficiency enhancement, and accessibility improvements. Results demonstrate the superiority of OB-MOACO over conventional methods like NSGA-III, MODE, and MOPSO in achieving Pareto-optimal solutions. Key performance metrics, including hypervolume (HV) and inverted generational distance (IGD), highlight the model's efficiency in balancing competing objectives. The study contributes to advancing sustainable retrofitting practices by providing an innovative, cost-effective, and energy-efficient decision-making framework. Implications for practitioners and policymakers are discussed, alongside recommendations for future research.</p>

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Opposition-based multi-objective ant colony optimization framework for sustainable retrofitting: time–cost–energy–risk trade-offs

  • Kiran Sree Pokkuluri,
  • Trupti Ravindra Chauhan,
  • Víctor Daniel Jiménez Macedo,
  • T. C. Manjunath,
  • Manish Bharadwaj,
  • Krushna Chandra Sethi

摘要

The increasing emphasis on sustainable retrofitting of buildings has brought attention to the need for optimizing trade-offs among critical objectives, such as time, cost, energy consumption, and risk. This study proposes an opposition-based multi-objective ant colony optimization (OB-MOACO) framework to address these challenges effectively. The framework incorporates opposition-based learning to enhance solution exploration and convergence in multi-objective optimization problems, specifically tailored for sustainable retrofitting projects. The study develops a time–cost–energy–risk trade-off (TCERT) model with four objectives: minimizing retrofitting time, cost, energy consumption, and risks. The model integrates constraints related to budget, project timelines, and energy efficiency to ensure feasibility and sustainability. A detailed case study of retrofitting a mixed-use building is presented, encompassing 11 aspects such as structural reinforcement, energy efficiency enhancement, and accessibility improvements. Results demonstrate the superiority of OB-MOACO over conventional methods like NSGA-III, MODE, and MOPSO in achieving Pareto-optimal solutions. Key performance metrics, including hypervolume (HV) and inverted generational distance (IGD), highlight the model's efficiency in balancing competing objectives. The study contributes to advancing sustainable retrofitting practices by providing an innovative, cost-effective, and energy-efficient decision-making framework. Implications for practitioners and policymakers are discussed, alongside recommendations for future research.