Construction management multiple-objective trade-off problems using the flow direction algorithm (FDA)

The Flow Direction Algorithm (FDA), a novel physics-based optimization method initially introduced by Karami (Karami et al., Computers & Industrial Engineering 156, 2021), is the focal point of this research. The FDA approaches the optimization problem by tracking the direction of the Flow toward the drainage basin’s exit. Time, money, and quality (or safety, environment, etc.) are typically the most essential factors in project success. Due to the fact that most conflicting factors cannot coordinate concurrently to execute a project, optimizing time, cost, and quality is typically a must before completing a project. The optimization of trade-offs between time, money, quality, and other factors associated with construction projects is the focus of the current research. Then, by contrasting the algorithm with previous optimal findings, the method's ability to solve the optimal problem may be verified. After that, I use the study findings to inform the first decisions I make when working on a real project I am involved in, with the goal of optimizing time, cost, quality, or other factors of a construction project.