Scholarlink

<p>Declining nitrogen-use-efficiency (NUE), rising environmental concerns, and plateaued productivity under conventional tillage (CT) necessitates a transition to conservation agriculture (CA). However, nitrogen (N) management in long-term CA systems remains conventional, often relying on surface blanket applications that ignore soil-residue interactions and nitrogen losses. This study evaluated the combined effects of long-term tillage–residue systems and subsurface band/point-placed N on wheat yield, NUE, soil nitrogen distribution, and profitability across two winter seasons (2021–22 and 2022–23). Treatments included four tillage systems: fallow-based zero-till flat (FZT), zero-till flat (ZT), permanent bed (PB), and conventional tillage (CT), and three N rates (100, 125, and 150&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹), alongside three freshly imposed treatments—farmers’ practice (FP: CT + residue removal + surface-broadcasted 150&#xa0;kg N ha⁻¹), CT without residue and nitrogen (CT(-R)-N0), and residue retained ZT without nitrogen (ZT-N0). Results showed that ZT recorded the highest grain yield (5889&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹), significantly surpassing CT (4594&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹) and FP (4527&#xa0;kg ha⁻¹) by 28% and 30%, respectively. This yield advantage was supported by higher tiller density (453&#xa0;m⁻²), seeds per spike (67.5), and spike weight (3.5&#xa0;g). Soil NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ concentrations were markedly greater in the 0–15&#xa0;cm layer under ZT-N150 and ZT-N125, while CT treatments showed lower surface retention, indicating reduced nitrogen availability in the effective root zone. Agronomic NUE was highest under ZT (24.8&#xa0;kg grain kg⁻¹ N), with N125 achieving yields comparable to N150, indicating scope for reducing N input under long-term CA without compromising performance. Overall, long-term ZT with residue retention and subsurface N application enhanced yield, improved soil N distribution, NUE, and profitability—supporting sustainable wheat intensification in the NW-IGP.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Long-term Conservation Agriculture with Subsurface Nitrogen Placement Enhances Wheat yield, Soil Nitrogen retention, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in the North-west Indo-Gangetic Plains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

查看全文
  • Kiranmoy Patra,
  • C. M. Parihar,
  • Ayan Sarkar,
  • K. Srikanth Reddy,
  • D. R. Sena,
  • Rajkumar Dhakar,
  • Sneha Bharadwaj,
  • Alok Sinha,
  • Susnigdha Sengupta,
  • Manojit Chowdhury,
  • Hüdaverdi Gürkan,
  • Hari Sankar Nayak

摘要

Declining nitrogen-use-efficiency (NUE), rising environmental concerns, and plateaued productivity under conventional tillage (CT) necessitates a transition to conservation agriculture (CA). However, nitrogen (N) management in long-term CA systems remains conventional, often relying on surface blanket applications that ignore soil-residue interactions and nitrogen losses. This study evaluated the combined effects of long-term tillage–residue systems and subsurface band/point-placed N on wheat yield, NUE, soil nitrogen distribution, and profitability across two winter seasons (2021–22 and 2022–23). Treatments included four tillage systems: fallow-based zero-till flat (FZT), zero-till flat (ZT), permanent bed (PB), and conventional tillage (CT), and three N rates (100, 125, and 150 kg ha⁻¹), alongside three freshly imposed treatments—farmers’ practice (FP: CT + residue removal + surface-broadcasted 150 kg N ha⁻¹), CT without residue and nitrogen (CT(-R)-N0), and residue retained ZT without nitrogen (ZT-N0). Results showed that ZT recorded the highest grain yield (5889 kg ha⁻¹), significantly surpassing CT (4594 kg ha⁻¹) and FP (4527 kg ha⁻¹) by 28% and 30%, respectively. This yield advantage was supported by higher tiller density (453 m⁻²), seeds per spike (67.5), and spike weight (3.5 g). Soil NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ concentrations were markedly greater in the 0–15 cm layer under ZT-N150 and ZT-N125, while CT treatments showed lower surface retention, indicating reduced nitrogen availability in the effective root zone. Agronomic NUE was highest under ZT (24.8 kg grain kg⁻¹ N), with N125 achieving yields comparable to N150, indicating scope for reducing N input under long-term CA without compromising performance. Overall, long-term ZT with residue retention and subsurface N application enhanced yield, improved soil N distribution, NUE, and profitability—supporting sustainable wheat intensification in the NW-IGP.