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<p>Bacterial co-inoculation in soybeans has been used commercially in recent harvests, as the interaction of other bacteria with rhizobia has enhanced its effect on soybean cultivation, especially when under stressful conditions. Information on how to perform co-inoculation is still unclear whether co-inoculation should be done on the seed or applied in the sowing furrow. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of co-inoculation of <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> with <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>,<i> Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> via seed and planting furrow on the nutritional status, yield and gas exchange activities of soybean. The experiment was conducted in two seasons in a randomized block design with four replications in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of inoculation and co-inoculations; control (<i>B. japonicum</i>), <i>B. japonicum + A. brasilense</i>,<i> B. japonicum + B. subtilis</i> and B. <i>japonicum + P. fluorescens</i>, applied via planting furrow and seeds. Increased nodulation, stomatal conductance, dry mass of straw, phosphorus accumulation in straw, and potassium accumulation in straw and grains were all advantageous outcomes of co-inoculating <i>B. japonicum + B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. japonicum + P. fluorecens</i> via seed and furrow. Greater immediate carboxylation efficiency was achieved by planting a furrow, while greater intrinsic water use efficiency was achieved by planting seed. Co-inoculation via seed and furrow with <i>B. japonicum + A. brasilense</i>,<i> B. japonicum + B. subtilis</i> and <i>B. japonicum + P. fluorescens</i> increased the rate of net photosynthesis, transpiration, substomatal carbon concentration, magnesium accumulation in straw and grains, nitrogen accumulation in straw and grains. Co-inoculation via seed and furrow with <i>B. japonicum + A. brasilense</i> and <i>B. japonicum + B. subtilis</i> were most recommended for providing greater grain yield of soybeans, and via planting furrow the co-inoculation of <i>B. japonicum + P. fluorescens</i> provided greater grain yield of soybeans.</p>

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Rhizobacteria co-inoculation Methods Improve Grain Yield, Nutrient Absorption and Leaf Gas Exchange in Soybean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira,
  • Arshad Jalal,
  • Guilherme Henrique Marcandalli Boleta,
  • William Cesar Nishimoto Ito,
  • Guilherme Carlos Fernandes,
  • Mennes Vieira da Silva,
  • Eduardo Henrique Marcandalli Boleta,
  • Fernando Shintate Galindo,
  • Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho

摘要

Bacterial co-inoculation in soybeans has been used commercially in recent harvests, as the interaction of other bacteria with rhizobia has enhanced its effect on soybean cultivation, especially when under stressful conditions. Information on how to perform co-inoculation is still unclear whether co-inoculation should be done on the seed or applied in the sowing furrow. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens via seed and planting furrow on the nutritional status, yield and gas exchange activities of soybean. The experiment was conducted in two seasons in a randomized block design with four replications in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of inoculation and co-inoculations; control (B. japonicum), B. japonicum + A. brasilense, B. japonicum + B. subtilis and B. japonicum + P. fluorescens, applied via planting furrow and seeds. Increased nodulation, stomatal conductance, dry mass of straw, phosphorus accumulation in straw, and potassium accumulation in straw and grains were all advantageous outcomes of co-inoculating B. japonicum + B. subtilis and B. japonicum + P. fluorecens via seed and furrow. Greater immediate carboxylation efficiency was achieved by planting a furrow, while greater intrinsic water use efficiency was achieved by planting seed. Co-inoculation via seed and furrow with B. japonicum + A. brasilense, B. japonicum + B. subtilis and B. japonicum + P. fluorescens increased the rate of net photosynthesis, transpiration, substomatal carbon concentration, magnesium accumulation in straw and grains, nitrogen accumulation in straw and grains. Co-inoculation via seed and furrow with B. japonicum + A. brasilense and B. japonicum + B. subtilis were most recommended for providing greater grain yield of soybeans, and via planting furrow the co-inoculation of B. japonicum + P. fluorescens provided greater grain yield of soybeans.