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<p>Drought has become a major abiotic limiting factor to crop production and human society worldwide due to rapid climate change. Terminal drought constrains the plant development and production in chickpea by diminishing the moisture and nutrients uptake. The present study investigated the role of organic manures, viz. farmyard manure (FYM; 20&#xa0;M. tons ha<sup>− 1</sup>) and press mud (15&#xa0;M. tons ha<sup>− 1</sup>) in mitigating the negative effects of terminal drought in chickpea cultivars grown at two locations under arid conditions. The first experiment evaluated five chickpea cultivars (Thal-2006, DUSHT, Punjab-2008, Bhakhar-2011 and AZC-06) for terminal drought tolerance based on seed yield criteria during reproductive stages i.e., flowering, pod formation, and grain filling stage and their combinations under field conditions. The principal component analysis screened Bhakhar-2011 and AZC-06 as drought-tolerant and sensitive cultivars under terminal drought, respectively. In the 2nd experiment, the FYM and the press mud were applied individually or in combination to Bhakhar-2011 or AZC-06 under terminal drought imposed at flowering and flowering + pod formation + grain filling stages at both locations. Results revealed that terminal drought at flowering + pod formation + grain filling stages drastically reduced the seed yield and its attributes, compared to well-watered conditions. The combination of FYM and press mud increased the secondary branches (7.44, 5.64%), pods number (10.61, 15.66%) per plant, 100-seeds weight (8.58, 8.86%), biological (24.70, 14.39%) and seed yields (18.17, 29.97%) in Bakhar-2011, compared to individual organic manure or control during terminal drought at both locations. Meanwhile, FYM + press mud increased the leaf K<sup>+</sup> contents (20.71, 23.24%) and antioxidant enzymes activities i.e. SOD (20.15, 22.39%), POX (15.39, 21.94%), and CAT (15.72, 25.96%) in Bakhar-2011 under terminal drought. Additionally, a positive association of leaf K<sup>+</sup> contents with secondary branches and pods per plant, 100-seed weight and biological yields was found at both locations. In crux, seed yield or its component traits as well as combined use of organic manures can be promising criteria to mitigate the impacts of terminal drought in chickpea genotypes.</p>

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Mitigating Terminal Drought in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Using Organic Manures; Effects on Yield, Potassium Uptake and Antioxidants Activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Malik Muhammad Yousaf,
  • Azra Yasmeen,
  • Shadia Hama Salih Kareem,
  • Muhammad Arif,
  • Hesham F. Alharby,
  • Hameed Alsamadany,
  • Yahya M. Alzahrani,
  • Amnah M. Alamri,
  • Ammara Latif,
  • Hafeez ur Rehman

摘要

Drought has become a major abiotic limiting factor to crop production and human society worldwide due to rapid climate change. Terminal drought constrains the plant development and production in chickpea by diminishing the moisture and nutrients uptake. The present study investigated the role of organic manures, viz. farmyard manure (FYM; 20 M. tons ha− 1) and press mud (15 M. tons ha− 1) in mitigating the negative effects of terminal drought in chickpea cultivars grown at two locations under arid conditions. The first experiment evaluated five chickpea cultivars (Thal-2006, DUSHT, Punjab-2008, Bhakhar-2011 and AZC-06) for terminal drought tolerance based on seed yield criteria during reproductive stages i.e., flowering, pod formation, and grain filling stage and their combinations under field conditions. The principal component analysis screened Bhakhar-2011 and AZC-06 as drought-tolerant and sensitive cultivars under terminal drought, respectively. In the 2nd experiment, the FYM and the press mud were applied individually or in combination to Bhakhar-2011 or AZC-06 under terminal drought imposed at flowering and flowering + pod formation + grain filling stages at both locations. Results revealed that terminal drought at flowering + pod formation + grain filling stages drastically reduced the seed yield and its attributes, compared to well-watered conditions. The combination of FYM and press mud increased the secondary branches (7.44, 5.64%), pods number (10.61, 15.66%) per plant, 100-seeds weight (8.58, 8.86%), biological (24.70, 14.39%) and seed yields (18.17, 29.97%) in Bakhar-2011, compared to individual organic manure or control during terminal drought at both locations. Meanwhile, FYM + press mud increased the leaf K+ contents (20.71, 23.24%) and antioxidant enzymes activities i.e. SOD (20.15, 22.39%), POX (15.39, 21.94%), and CAT (15.72, 25.96%) in Bakhar-2011 under terminal drought. Additionally, a positive association of leaf K+ contents with secondary branches and pods per plant, 100-seed weight and biological yields was found at both locations. In crux, seed yield or its component traits as well as combined use of organic manures can be promising criteria to mitigate the impacts of terminal drought in chickpea genotypes.