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<p>Researchers in India are conducting studies to find the ways to improve soil fertility and rice yields in the vulnerable rice-wheat eco-system while ensuring sustainability. Organic nutrient management is one the promising agronomic approaches to ensure soil, food and nutritional security concurrently. To test the effectiveness of varied organic nutrient management practices, a 16-years long-term field experiment was conducted. The study included legumes like sesbania and green gram, organic manures, and microbial inoculants to evaluate their sole as well as integrated impact on soil biological properties, nutrient uptake, and basmati rice productivity. The study employs a meticulous strip-plot design and delineates two distinct cropping systems: basmati rice-wheat-green gram (CS1) and basmati rice-wheat-sesbania (CS2). Seven organic nutrient management practices were implemented in horizontal strips including control, farmyard manure (FYM) equivalent to 80&#xa0;kg N ha<sup>− 1</sup>, vermicompost (VC) equivalent to 80&#xa0;kg N ha<sup>− 1</sup>, FYM with crop residues (CR) @ 2.5 t ha<sup>− 1</sup>, VC combined with CR, FYM with CR and a suite of microbial inoculants (MI), and VC integrated with CR and MI. The study revealed that the CS2 system significantly improved soil organic matter, soil biological activities, nutrient uptake, and basmati rice yields compared to CS1. The application of VC, CR, and MI led to remarkable increases in the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, which increased by 30.2–45.2% and 12.3–79.8%, respectively. The utilization of VC + CR + MI also resulted in up to 2.3, 3.3, and 1.9-fold increases in total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, soil dehydrogenase activity surged by 71.4% in 2021 and 92.0% in 2022 with the VC + CR + MI treatment, which played a pivotal role in improving soil health. Additionally, micronutrient uptake and rice yield soared by 50.7–78.6% and 47.7–80.1% in 2021 and 2022, respectively, emphasizing the multifaceted benefits of organic amendments in enhancing crop productivity and nutrient utilization efficiency. This study showed significant correlations between yield, soil biological properties, and nutrient uptake in basmati rice farming. The interaction between the cropping systems and organic nutrient management options was also statistically significant for productivity and soil biological activities. Sesbania and green gram, along with microbial inoculants found superior in boosting soil health and crop productivity. Specifically, sesbania combined with VC equivalent to 80&#xa0;kg N ha<sup>− 1</sup>, CR at 2.5 t ha<sup>− 1</sup>, and MI emerge as pivotal. These results support using this organic approach in basmati rice cultivation for sustainable farming in the face of environmental challenges.</p>

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Exploring Optimal Combinations of Green Manures, Composts, and Microbial Inoculums to Boost Soil Biological Properties, Nutrient Release, and Basmati Rice Yield

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月14日

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  • Anita Kumawat,
  • Dinesh Kumar,
  • Y. S. Shivay,
  • Seema Sangwan,
  • Devideen Yadav,
  • Vijay Pooniya,
  • Shakir Ali,
  • M. Madhu,
  • I. Rashmi,
  • B. Bhargavi,
  • Ashok Kumar

摘要

Researchers in India are conducting studies to find the ways to improve soil fertility and rice yields in the vulnerable rice-wheat eco-system while ensuring sustainability. Organic nutrient management is one the promising agronomic approaches to ensure soil, food and nutritional security concurrently. To test the effectiveness of varied organic nutrient management practices, a 16-years long-term field experiment was conducted. The study included legumes like sesbania and green gram, organic manures, and microbial inoculants to evaluate their sole as well as integrated impact on soil biological properties, nutrient uptake, and basmati rice productivity. The study employs a meticulous strip-plot design and delineates two distinct cropping systems: basmati rice-wheat-green gram (CS1) and basmati rice-wheat-sesbania (CS2). Seven organic nutrient management practices were implemented in horizontal strips including control, farmyard manure (FYM) equivalent to 80 kg N ha− 1, vermicompost (VC) equivalent to 80 kg N ha− 1, FYM with crop residues (CR) @ 2.5 t ha− 1, VC combined with CR, FYM with CR and a suite of microbial inoculants (MI), and VC integrated with CR and MI. The study revealed that the CS2 system significantly improved soil organic matter, soil biological activities, nutrient uptake, and basmati rice yields compared to CS1. The application of VC, CR, and MI led to remarkable increases in the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, which increased by 30.2–45.2% and 12.3–79.8%, respectively. The utilization of VC + CR + MI also resulted in up to 2.3, 3.3, and 1.9-fold increases in total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, soil dehydrogenase activity surged by 71.4% in 2021 and 92.0% in 2022 with the VC + CR + MI treatment, which played a pivotal role in improving soil health. Additionally, micronutrient uptake and rice yield soared by 50.7–78.6% and 47.7–80.1% in 2021 and 2022, respectively, emphasizing the multifaceted benefits of organic amendments in enhancing crop productivity and nutrient utilization efficiency. This study showed significant correlations between yield, soil biological properties, and nutrient uptake in basmati rice farming. The interaction between the cropping systems and organic nutrient management options was also statistically significant for productivity and soil biological activities. Sesbania and green gram, along with microbial inoculants found superior in boosting soil health and crop productivity. Specifically, sesbania combined with VC equivalent to 80 kg N ha− 1, CR at 2.5 t ha− 1, and MI emerge as pivotal. These results support using this organic approach in basmati rice cultivation for sustainable farming in the face of environmental challenges.