Gendered Nationhood and Moral Regulation: Feminist, Queer, and Child-Centered Resistance in Contemporary Philippine Literature
摘要
Mainly in postcolonial societies such as the Philippines, debates on gender, sexuality, and education often emerge as moral controversies grounded in heteropatriarchal nationalism without sustained reflection on their cultural and historical foundations. In this paper, contemporary Philippine literature is examined as an arena of social meaning-making in which gendered citizenship is negotiated through narratives of motherhood, queer identity, and childhood. It is argued that the seemingly natural ideals of the Filipino family, maternal sacrifice, and child innocence form a culturally organized system that regulates belonging to the nation while simultaneously generating spaces for feminist and queer resistance. The main objective of the study was to investigate how selected literary texts construct and contest moral regulation using Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis anchored in Philippine feminist scholarship. A qualitative corpus of novels, children’s literature, and ethnographic narratives that became subjects of public controversy was analyzed through thematic coding and cross-text comparison. Results showed that motherhood is moralized as civic duty yet reimagined as autonomy, queer bodies are framed as threats yet become sites of alternative kinship, and childhood innocence is mobilized in moral panic yet opens discussions on inclusive education. These findings demonstrate how literature operates as a counter public sphere where regulated bodies produce resistant meanings. They suggest that gendered nationhood is an ongoing relational process shaped by culture, policy, and imagination, pointing toward more inclusive Gender and Development approaches in education and governance.