<p>In indigenous societies, social protection institutions have traditionally been essential for protecting women and other vulnerable populations. Women actively engage in community-based social protection systems among the Guji Oromo, which offer material, emotional, and financial assistance during emergencies. The article aims to examine the Guji Oromo’s indigenous social protection system, which is based on women. The study highlights that numerous social protection mechanisms, both official and indigenous, are present in the Guji community. The researchers used an ethnographic research design and qualitative methodology to examine the indigenous social protection mechanisms, analyzing the intricacy of these mechanisms through a series of individual and group interviews. The study’s main conclusions show that women-based indigenous social protection is essential for tackling social exclusion, gender bias, economic hardship, and economic resilience. Reciprocal labor exchange, cooperative savings, and solidarity-based support during life-cycle events like births, deaths, and economic crises are how these indigenous systems operate. The report emphasizes the necessity of improving social security for underprivileged women and fortifying indigenous social protection. The findings imply that policymakers should create more inclusive and culturally responsive social protection programs to acknowledge and reinforce these women-based indigenous social protections.</p>