Voices of Resilience: Exploring Transphobic Prejudices in Indian Transgender Autobiographies
摘要
Transgender individuals face pervasive challenges conforming to traditional gender and sexuality norms, enduring disproportionate aggression and violence. This study highlights the alarming prevalence of physical assault, sexual assault, verbal abuse, and emotional abuse perpetrated by family members, partners, and institutional authorities on transgenders. These acts of violence stem from societal transphobia, rigid binary gender roles, and the stigmatization of gender nonconformity, perpetuating systemic discrimination. With the objective of examining the intersections of transphobia, violence, and cultural norms affecting transgender individuals in India, this research focuses on the autobiographical works of Indian transgender authors Laxmi Narayan Tripathi, Vidya, and Revathi, to explore how these narratives reveal the profound impact of societal expectations surrounding hetero-femininity on transgender identities and experiences, illuminating how these norms reinforce vulnerability and marginalization. Employing a critical discourse analysis framework and Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, the study explores how transwomen’s performance of hetero-femininity heightens their exposure to violence and discrimination, often leading to their marginalization within both the queer and broader societal communities. This can compromise the quality of life of trans women by perpetuating social isolation, stigma, and marginalization, which can have severe consequences on their mental and physical health. Following a qualitative research methodology, this study uses critical discourse analysis to examine the relationship between language, power, and social structures, while also drawing on Butler’s theory to understand how gender is performed and negotiated through discourse. By centering the voices and experiences of transgender women, this study amplifies marginalized narratives and fosters a deeper understanding of the intersections between gender, sexuality, and violence in Indian society. It emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive support systems, policies, and societal changes to affirm the dignity, rights, and well-being of transgender individuals, promoting a more inclusive and equitable future.