The Hierarchy of Strife: Revisiting the Rationale Behind Seemingly Irrational Struggles

In conflicts that baffle traditional explanations and seem irrational or dysfunctional, what motivates individuals or groups to invest so heavily in struggle? This paper introduces a novel theoretical model that shifts the focus from rational action to coordinated activity guided by value hierarchies. By exploring how high-intensity conflicts (HICs) arise when agents perceive existential threats to their most cherished values—the very core of their identity—we gain insights into the fervor and sacrifices these conflicts entail. The model reveals that the intensity of a conflict is not dictated by the objective importance of the disputed issue but by the subjective significance assigned to it within an agent’s value hierarchy. Through this lens, the paper explains why some disputes escalate dramatically while others remain manageable, highlighting the role of asymmetric value systems in fueling conflict. It delves into the interplay between material and symbolic threats, demonstrating how even minor provocations can trigger profound reactions when they impinge upon foundational values. By examining illustrative cases, the model showcases its applicability across contexts. Ultimately, this framework offers scholars and practitioners a powerful tool for understanding and addressing conflicts that defy conventional logic. It paves the way for predicting conflict intensity and reconstructing agents’ value hierarchies based on observed behaviors, opening new avenues for effective conflict management and deeper comprehension of human motivations in strife.