Mortality prediction using survival energy models with functional data analysis

The survival energy model (SEM), as originally introduced by Shimizu et al. (ASTIN Bull 51(1):191–219, 2020), is designed to characterize human bioenergetics by employing diffusion processes or inverse Gaussian processes. While parametric models have been employed to articulate the SEM, they exhibit inherent sensitivity in their parameters and hyperparameters, which in turn introduces issues of instability in estimation and prediction. In this paper, we demonstrate that the utilization of functional data analysis techniques for nonparametric estimation and prediction of critical functions within the SEM leads to a substantial enhancement in prediction performance.