<p>With the significant advances of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer-treatment paradigms have improved dramatically. However, immune-related adverse events sometimes occur due to the activation of the immune system of ICIs. Many researchers have focused on distinguishing disease progression from pseudoprogression, but may not be fully aware of that the location of pseudoprogression and the underlying cellular damage from previous treatments can also play a significant role in its occurrence. Understanding this relationship may provide valuable insights into the mechanism of pseudoprogression. Moreover, accurate identification of damaged tissue or organs before administering immunotherapy is likely to help in early diagnosis of pseudoprogression. We report a case of pseudoprogression that occurred at the site of percutaneous drainage channel of the left kidney. This case highlights a potential promising mechanism that the local previous cellular damage may also be associated with the development of pseudoprogression, and enhance our understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Therefore, our findings have significant implications for the management of pseudoprogression in patients undergoing immunotherapy, potentially guiding future clinical practice and research.</p>