Application of imaging methods and the latest progress in sarcopenia

Sarcopenia is a syndrome described as a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and strength, with decrease in physical performance. It is related to an increased risk of many adverse events, such as falls, fractures, osteoporosis, major postoperative complications, loss of quality of life, prolonged hospital stay, disability, and even death. Although sarcopenia can also be assessed using a handheld dynamometer and a short physical performance battery (SPPB); it has lower accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Previous studies confirmed that imaging methods can serve as an important tool in the assessment of muscle mass and quality, and can even detect microscopic changes in muscle, achieving an early diagnosis of sarcopenia. Therefore, this article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of clinical and imaging assessment methods, specific applications, and the development of imaging techniques for the assessment of sarcopenia, including the currently unresolved problems.