Reinterpreting FH in light of Kant’s claims about conscience

According to the standard reading of Kant’s ethics, application of the Formula of Humanity (FH) yields universal rules that are binding on all agents regardless of their beliefs. I argue that the standard reading needs reconsidering. In particular, I argue that the FH can and should be read as yielding duties that are sensitive to agents’ beliefs. Thus, different actions might be permissible for different agents.