Purpose <p><i>Cyathula prostrata</i> (<i>C. prostrata</i>) a medicinal plant from tropical Africa, is traditionally used in Western Cameroon to treat female infertility. This study investigated the hormone-like effects of the aqueous extract of <i>C. prostrata</i> (AECp) leaves and stems on the onset of puberty and various reproductive parameters in immature female Wistar rats.</p> Methods <p>Five groups of immature female rats received daily oral doses of AECp for 20 consecutive days. Post-treatment body, ovarian, and uterine weights were recorded, along with uterine and ovarian protein levels, ovarian cholesterol levels, and blood hormone concentrations (FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone).</p> Results <p>AECp increased the growth rate in all treated animals. It reduced the age at vaginal opening by 2 to 6 days compared to controls. Secondary and tertiary follicles increased by 32.7% and 37.7%, respectively, in AECp-treated rats (96&#xa0;mg/kg and 64&#xa0;mg/kg). AECp significantly reduced uterine and ovarian protein levels by 21.3% and 27.8% at 64&#xa0;mg/kg dosage. Regardless of dose, AECp lowered ovarian cholesterol and serum FSH levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Serum progesterone, estradiol, and LH levels increased significantly at 64&#xa0;mg/kg compared to controls.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrates AECp’s positive effects on the onset of puberty and ovarian folliculogenesis in immature female rats.</p>