Blade and Bladelet Assemblages at Kharagpur Hills in South Bihar, India: A Technological Approach
摘要
The origin of blade production is complex, resulting from multiple core reduction methods such as Levallois and laminar strategies, with its emergence traced back to the Middle Pleistocene in several regions worldwide. Laminar volumetric core reduction yields a higher degree of standardization in blank size and shape, enhances raw material efficiency, and produces a higher number of usable blanks compared to other methods. In the Indian context, blade production using non-laminar methods likely began during the Middle Palaeolithic. Subsequently, a broader adoption of microblade technology is evident around ~48 ka, while laminar volumetric blade production is reported from several Upper/Late Palaeolithic sites, although such occurrences often lack secure chronological contexts and detailed technological analyses. This research addresses the technological gap through the systematic analysis of blade and bladelet assemblages collected using a grid-based approach from three open-air sites in the Kharagpur Hills, South Bihar. Locally available quartzite was exploited as a primary raw material for lithic production. The assemblage represents all stages of laminar reduction, from raw material procurement and core preparation to blank production, core maintenance, and final discard of tools and exhausted cores. This study reconstructs core reduction strategies by analysing the complete reduction sequence of individual cores, from blank selection to discard, through an examination of the organization of scars (considering their position, chronology, and direction) and the successive phases of core exploitation.