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<p>The deposition of barium sulfate (BaSO<sub>4</sub>) scale remains a critical operational issue in oil and gas production systems, often requiring chemical removal with chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). While most dissolution studies are performed in batch mode, continuous-flow systems provide improved control of hydrodynamics, better representing real well conditions. In this work an integrated continuous-flow methodology that couples in-line ATR-FTIR monitoring with simultaneous pressure measurement to evaluate BaSO<sub>4</sub> dissolution and permeability recovery in real-time is presented. Experiments conducted using BaSO<sub>4</sub>-packed bed stainless-steel columns demonstrated the combined spectroscopic and hydrodynamic data reveal a progressive decoupling between chemical dissolution and permeability restoration, driven by the formation of preferential flow pathways that limit sustained fluid-solid contact. DTPA consistently exhibited faster permeability recovery and higher apparent dissolution under flow and the proposed continuous-flow method as able to quantitatively distinguish the efficiency of DTPA and EDTA solutions (0.125&#xa0;mol·L<sup>−1</sup>) at 60&#xa0;°C. This approach provides a reproducible and non-invasive real-time evaluation of scale dissolvers by capturing the dynamic interplay between dissolution chemistry and transport phenomena. This behavior, inaccessible to batch experiments, highlights the importance of functional performance metrics beyond endpoint conversion and establishes a foundation for future automated screening and kinetic studies of scale removal processes relevant for industrial operations.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Continuous-flow evaluation of Barium Sulfate scale dissolution by integrated spectroscopic and hydrodynamic monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Gabriel Nunes,
  • Fabrício Venâncio,
  • Vinicius Ottonio O. Gonçalves,
  • Ronald W. P. Ortiz,
  • Tiago C. Freitas,
  • João Cajaiba

摘要

The deposition of barium sulfate (BaSO4) scale remains a critical operational issue in oil and gas production systems, often requiring chemical removal with chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). While most dissolution studies are performed in batch mode, continuous-flow systems provide improved control of hydrodynamics, better representing real well conditions. In this work an integrated continuous-flow methodology that couples in-line ATR-FTIR monitoring with simultaneous pressure measurement to evaluate BaSO4 dissolution and permeability recovery in real-time is presented. Experiments conducted using BaSO4-packed bed stainless-steel columns demonstrated the combined spectroscopic and hydrodynamic data reveal a progressive decoupling between chemical dissolution and permeability restoration, driven by the formation of preferential flow pathways that limit sustained fluid-solid contact. DTPA consistently exhibited faster permeability recovery and higher apparent dissolution under flow and the proposed continuous-flow method as able to quantitatively distinguish the efficiency of DTPA and EDTA solutions (0.125 mol·L−1) at 60 °C. This approach provides a reproducible and non-invasive real-time evaluation of scale dissolvers by capturing the dynamic interplay between dissolution chemistry and transport phenomena. This behavior, inaccessible to batch experiments, highlights the importance of functional performance metrics beyond endpoint conversion and establishes a foundation for future automated screening and kinetic studies of scale removal processes relevant for industrial operations.

Graphical Abstract