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<p>In this study, we evaluate fuzzy topological indices for two well-known graph structures: the friendship graph and the windmill graph. Fuzzy topological indices extend classical graph invariants by incorporating degrees of uncertainty or fuzziness, offering a more nuanced understanding of graph structures. We begin by defining the relevant fuzzy topological indices and then apply them to the friendship and windmill graphs, analyzing their behavior and identifying key patterns. This analysis demonstrates how fuzzy topological indices can provide deeper insights into the connectivity and robustness of these graphs, especially in scenarios where classical indices may be insufficient.</p>

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Analysis of Fuzzy Indices in Friendship and Windmill Graphs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Zeeshan Saleem Mufti,
  • Shama Liaqat,
  • Yilun Shang

摘要

In this study, we evaluate fuzzy topological indices for two well-known graph structures: the friendship graph and the windmill graph. Fuzzy topological indices extend classical graph invariants by incorporating degrees of uncertainty or fuzziness, offering a more nuanced understanding of graph structures. We begin by defining the relevant fuzzy topological indices and then apply them to the friendship and windmill graphs, analyzing their behavior and identifying key patterns. This analysis demonstrates how fuzzy topological indices can provide deeper insights into the connectivity and robustness of these graphs, especially in scenarios where classical indices may be insufficient.