<p>In this paper, we study the existence of multiple normalized solutions to the following Kirchhoff-type equation: <Equation ID="Equ50"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41980_2024_966_Article_Equ50.gif" Format="GIF" Height="54" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="434" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Big (\epsilon ^{2}a+\epsilon b\int _{\mathbb {R}^{3}}\left| \nabla u \right| ^{2}\,\textrm{d}x\Big )\Delta u+V(x)u=f(u)+\lambda u &amp; \hbox {in } {\mathbb {R}^3,} \\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^3}|u|^2\,\textrm{d}x=\epsilon ^3 m^2, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mi>b</mi> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close="|" open="|"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mfenced> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41980_2024_966_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="141" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon , a, b, m&gt;0, \lambda \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an unknown parameter that appears as a Lagrange multiplier, <i>V</i>: <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41980_2024_966_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^3 \rightarrow [0,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a continuous function, and <i>f</i> is a continuous function with <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41980_2024_966_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>–subcritical growth. Through using the minimization techniques and the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category, we prove that the numbers of normalized solutions are related to the topology of the set where the potential <i>V</i>(<i>x</i>) attains its minimum value.</p>

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Multiple Normalized Solutions to a Class of Kirchhoff Equation via Lusternik–Schnirelmann Category

  • Zhen Wang,
  • Kaimin Teng

摘要

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple normalized solutions to the following Kirchhoff-type equation: \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\Big (\epsilon ^{2}a+\epsilon b\int _{\mathbb {R}^{3}}\left| \nabla u \right| ^{2}\,\textrm{d}x\Big )\Delta u+V(x)u=f(u)+\lambda u & \hbox {in } {\mathbb {R}^3,} \\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^3}|u|^2\,\textrm{d}x=\epsilon ^3 m^2, \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) - ( ϵ 2 a + ϵ b R 3 u 2 d x ) Δ u + V ( x ) u = f ( u ) + λ u in R 3 , R 3 | u | 2 d x = ϵ 3 m 2 , where \(\epsilon , a, b, m>0, \lambda \in \mathbb {R}\) ϵ , a , b , m > 0 , λ R is an unknown parameter that appears as a Lagrange multiplier, V: \(\mathbb {R}^3 \rightarrow [0,\infty )\) R 3 [ 0 , ) is a continuous function, and f is a continuous function with \(L^2\) L 2 –subcritical growth. Through using the minimization techniques and the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category, we prove that the numbers of normalized solutions are related to the topology of the set where the potential V(x) attains its minimum value.