On the Eigenvalue Region of Permutative Doubly Stochastic Matrices

This paper is devoted to the study of eigenvalue region of the doubly stochastic matrices which are also permutative, that is, each row of such a matrix is a permutation of any other row. We call these matrices as permutative doubly stochastic (PDS) matrices. A method is proposed to obtain symbolic representation of all PDS matrices of order n by finding equivalence classes of permutationally similar symbolic PDS matrices. This is a hard problem in general as it boils down to finding all Latin squares of order n. However, explicit symbolic representations of matrices in these classes are determined in this paper when \(n=2, 3, 4.\) $n=2,3,4.$ It is shown that eigenvalue regions are same for doubly stochastic matrices and PDS matrices when \(n=2, 3.\) $n=2,3.$ It is also established that this is no longer true for \(n=4,\) $n=4,$ and two line segments are determined which belong to the eigenvalue region of doubly stochastic matrices but not in the eigenvalue region of PDS matrices. Thus a conjecture is developed for the boundary of the eigenvalue region of PDS matrices of order 4. Finally, inclusion theorems for eigenvalue region of PDS matrices are proved when \(n\ge 2.\) $n\ge 2.$