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<p>International sporting events offer powerful platforms for athletes, teams, and nations to protest issues like racism, gender inequality, human rights violations, and environmental concerns. This study employs a qualitative method and document analysis, using Bourdieu’s field theory to interpret the sports field as a contested space of capital struggles. Data were collected from academic articles, historical records, and media sources, with cases chosen for their international visibility and thematic diversity (e.g., the 1968 Black Power salute, 2023 Women’s World Cup pay protests). The findings highlight the dual role of the sports field: both mirroring social tensions and amplifying competing social and political narratives. Athletes, through symbolic, cultural, and economic capital, bridge local injustices to global movements, influencing public discourse and shaping public debates across multiple scales. From past to present, protest actions in sport demonstrate its capacity to serve as a site of contestation and negotiation, positioning the sports arena as a critical site for political expression, resistance, and the negotiation of social and political interests.</p>

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Sport as a Field of Protest: Conceptualizing Protest Actions in Global Events

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Sadegh Fatahi Milasi,
  • Mina Mallaei,
  • Rahim Ramezaninejhad

摘要

International sporting events offer powerful platforms for athletes, teams, and nations to protest issues like racism, gender inequality, human rights violations, and environmental concerns. This study employs a qualitative method and document analysis, using Bourdieu’s field theory to interpret the sports field as a contested space of capital struggles. Data were collected from academic articles, historical records, and media sources, with cases chosen for their international visibility and thematic diversity (e.g., the 1968 Black Power salute, 2023 Women’s World Cup pay protests). The findings highlight the dual role of the sports field: both mirroring social tensions and amplifying competing social and political narratives. Athletes, through symbolic, cultural, and economic capital, bridge local injustices to global movements, influencing public discourse and shaping public debates across multiple scales. From past to present, protest actions in sport demonstrate its capacity to serve as a site of contestation and negotiation, positioning the sports arena as a critical site for political expression, resistance, and the negotiation of social and political interests.