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<p>Flooding is a recurring natural hazard globally, with Pakistan being no exception. This study addresses a gap in the comprehensive risk assessment for the highly susceptible Dera Ismail Khan District, located in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) by developing GIS Based Framework using a Multi criteria decision Analysis (MCDA) approach, utilizing the AHP to weight twelve key physical parameters, including the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), elevation, slope, land cover, rainfall, distance to streams, drainage density, flow accumulation, distance to roads, and soil type for generating a Flood Susceptibility Index (FSI). This was integrated with a flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), derived from socio-economic and infrastructural indicators, to develop a composite Flood Risk Index (FRI). Results reveal a heterogeneous risk landscape i.e. 24.68% (1808.87 Km<sup>2)</sup> of the district is high risk, 59.58% (4364.89 Km<sup>2</sup> ) is moderate risk, and 15.74% (112)24 Km<sup>2</sup> ) as low Risk. A critical finding is the pronounced convergence of high physical hazard and high socio-economic vulnerability in urban centers, especially the urban UC’s, creating the compound risk hotspots where the potential for devastating impacts is maximized. This study identifies the effectiveness of GIS application alongside the Analytic Hierarchy Process in strategic decision-making, as it has the potential to promote the prioritization of mitigation assets, land-use planning, and enhancing community-based resilience planning to establish a more secure future in the region.</p>

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Mapping Compound Flood Risk in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan: An Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Anwaar Tabassum,
  • Asif Sajjad,
  • Ghayas Haider Sajid,
  • Rana Waqar Aslam

摘要

Flooding is a recurring natural hazard globally, with Pakistan being no exception. This study addresses a gap in the comprehensive risk assessment for the highly susceptible Dera Ismail Khan District, located in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) by developing GIS Based Framework using a Multi criteria decision Analysis (MCDA) approach, utilizing the AHP to weight twelve key physical parameters, including the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), elevation, slope, land cover, rainfall, distance to streams, drainage density, flow accumulation, distance to roads, and soil type for generating a Flood Susceptibility Index (FSI). This was integrated with a flood Vulnerability Index (FVI), derived from socio-economic and infrastructural indicators, to develop a composite Flood Risk Index (FRI). Results reveal a heterogeneous risk landscape i.e. 24.68% (1808.87 Km2) of the district is high risk, 59.58% (4364.89 Km2 ) is moderate risk, and 15.74% (112)24 Km2 ) as low Risk. A critical finding is the pronounced convergence of high physical hazard and high socio-economic vulnerability in urban centers, especially the urban UC’s, creating the compound risk hotspots where the potential for devastating impacts is maximized. This study identifies the effectiveness of GIS application alongside the Analytic Hierarchy Process in strategic decision-making, as it has the potential to promote the prioritization of mitigation assets, land-use planning, and enhancing community-based resilience planning to establish a more secure future in the region.