<p>Mahasthangarh is the oldest urban archaeological site in Bangladesh, bearing witness to a rich history and cultural heritage. However, uncontrolled urbanization, agricultural expansion, and environmental degradation have increasingly threatened this heritage. In this context, assessing land-use change and conservation challenges through the integration of geospatial information technology and local community perspectives is particularly important. The study conducted a land-cover analysis using Landsat satellite images from 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2024. In addition, community perceptions were collected through questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews among 291 households. ArcGIS, Google Earth Engine, and SPSS v26 were used for data analysis, where logistic regression and factor analysis were applied. The study reveals that the built-up area increased by 21.63% between 2010 and 2024, while the green cover decreased from 38.65% to 35.61%. At the same time, the extent of water bodies increased slightly, while the crop land remained stable. The community perception indicates that visible changes, such as the increase in built-up area (62.2%) and the loss of green cover (58.8%), were more readily detected, while relatively minor changes (such as water bodies and crop land) were often neglected. Long-term residence and land ownership were identified as the main determinants of the perception of change in regression analysis. The study demonstrates that combining geospatial information with community-based data provides a practical framework for heritage conservation. Participatory planning, zoning, and local livelihood considerations are essential in policy-making. This study provides valuable guidance for future conservation planning and sustainable development.</p>