Impact of Drought on Agricultural Ecosystems, Biomass and Carbon Uptake in the Northern Part of Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing and Weather Station Data
摘要
Drought is an extended period of diminished rain, initiating a water deficiency that reduces ecosystem productivity and carbon sequestration. Understanding the importance of drought intensity is essential for assessing its impact on biomass production and carbon uptake under changing climatic conditions. This study investigates drought dynamics and its impact on ecosystem processes in the northern part of Bangladesh. This study uses the standardized precipitation index (SPI) to evaluate drought severity from 2011 to 2022 using the weather station and remote sensing data. The Carbon uptake is calculated from the light use efficiency (LUE) model using MODIS satellite data. Ther water use efficiency (WUE) is derived from evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP). Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to find the influence of climatic variability on drought intensity and carbon uptake. The analysis reveals the seasonal climate variability, particularly the influence of extreme drought events on biomass production and carbon uptake in the study area. The findings represent the significant reduction in vegetation greenness and carbon fixation during severe drought years, such as 2011, 2017, and 2021, as indicated by lower normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values and reduced WUE. Annual carbon uptake fluctuated between 2076.74 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2020 and 2245.05 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2012, with the lowest values observed during the drought periods. The SPI data demonstrates a strong relation between drought periods and declining ET measurements, reduced biomass production, and carbon uptake. The results of this research demonstrate the importance of adopting management approaches that foster operational resilience against prolonged drought impact in Bangladesh. The study offers the significance of remote sensing and weather station data and methods in climate variability and ecosystem management, crucial for effective climate change mitigation at local, regional and other monsoon-influenced tropical regions.