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<p>Male testosterone levels are increasingly affected by adverse environmental factors that at the same time promote chronic inflammation. The prevalence of hypogonadism is continually rising, while sperm concentration and quality have declined in Western countries by approximately 52–59% since the 1970s. Endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol&#xa0;A, phthalates, glyphosate, and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) negatively affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and promote inflammatory processes. The bidirectional relationship between testosterone and inflammation is of pathophysiological relevance: Low testosterone levels are associated with elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF‑α, IL-6) and increased mortality, while chronic inflammation, in turn, suppresses testosterone production. Metabolic syndrome, type&#xa0;2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are common comorbidities. In addition to the HPG axis, diagnostic evaluation should include inflammatory markers, micronutrient status, and potential exposure to environmental toxins. Management focuses on lifestyle interventions—such as diet, physical activity, stress reduction, and minimization of EMFs. Targeted micronutrient supplementation, phytotherapeutic approaches, and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may also be considered. TRT has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines, improve body composition, and lower cardiovascular risk. A&#xa0;holistic and targeted diagnostic approach combined with individualized treatment is essential for restoring and maintaining men’s health in the context of increasing environmental stressors.</p>

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Entzündet und entgleist – Männergesundheit im Spannungsfeld von Testosteron und Inflammation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Aristotelis Davaroukas

摘要

Male testosterone levels are increasingly affected by adverse environmental factors that at the same time promote chronic inflammation. The prevalence of hypogonadism is continually rising, while sperm concentration and quality have declined in Western countries by approximately 52–59% since the 1970s. Endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A, phthalates, glyphosate, and electromagnetic fields (EMFs) negatively affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and promote inflammatory processes. The bidirectional relationship between testosterone and inflammation is of pathophysiological relevance: Low testosterone levels are associated with elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF‑α, IL-6) and increased mortality, while chronic inflammation, in turn, suppresses testosterone production. Metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are common comorbidities. In addition to the HPG axis, diagnostic evaluation should include inflammatory markers, micronutrient status, and potential exposure to environmental toxins. Management focuses on lifestyle interventions—such as diet, physical activity, stress reduction, and minimization of EMFs. Targeted micronutrient supplementation, phytotherapeutic approaches, and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may also be considered. TRT has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokines, improve body composition, and lower cardiovascular risk. A holistic and targeted diagnostic approach combined with individualized treatment is essential for restoring and maintaining men’s health in the context of increasing environmental stressors.