The relationship between the uterus, tubes and ovaries plays a crucial role in fertility preservation. With a prevalence of between 11 and 30 % [1], tubal pathology is one of the main causes of female infertility. The most common reasons for fallopian tube pathologies are: endometriosis with adenomyosis, ascending genital infections and previous surgery [2, 3]. Assessment of the fallopian tubes is therefore a standard part of a woman’s fertility work-up. Technical advances in medicine have made it possible to carry out a holistic diagnostic procedure in reproductive medicine. The fertility work-up includes ultrasonographic assessment of the anatomy of the pelvis, in particular the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Hysterosalpingo Contrast/Foam Sonography (HyCoSy/HyFoSy) is a patient-friendly and cost-effective method that is increasingly replacing more invasive procedures, such as laparoscopy with chromopertubation and hysterosalpingography worldwide. In women who have undergone tubal patency testing as part of the fertility work-up, treatment based on the results of hysterosalpingo-foam sonography leads to similar pregnancy outcomes compared to hysterosalpingography, with significantly less pain associated with ultrasonography.
