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<p>Thyroid disorders are widespread in Europe, and although iodine deficiency remains the best-known nutrition-related cause, there is evidence that other micronutrients—including selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin&#xa0;D—also influence thyroid function. Both deficiency and excess may impair hormone synthesis, immune regulation, and treatment outcomes.</p><p>Dietary habits, particularly a&#xa0;high intake of highly processed foods, may contribute to suboptimal micronutrient intake. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones; however, both insufficient and excessive intake carry risks. Selenium supports antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism, iron is required for the activity of thyroid peroxidase, zinc contributes to hormonal regulation, and vitamin&#xa0;D may play a&#xa0;role in autoimmune thyroid diseases, although causality remains unclear.</p><p>Food components such as goitrogens are generally considered harmless when iodine intake is adequate, and proper food preparation can further reduce potential effects. In addition, nutrient interactions—particularly those involving complex foods and levothyroxine—are clinically relevant with regard to bioavailability and require attention to timing of intake and meal composition.</p><p>Overall, maintaining a&#xa0;balanced micronutrient status is highly relevant for thyroid health; however, routine supplementation beyond confirmed deficiencies is not supported by current evidence. Regular monitoring can help detect and treat deficiencies at an early stage and help to avoid the development of certain thyroid diseases.</p>

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Schilddrüse und Mikronährstoffe – beyond deficiency or beyond evidence?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Marlies Wallner,
  • Diana Rudzite

摘要

Thyroid disorders are widespread in Europe, and although iodine deficiency remains the best-known nutrition-related cause, there is evidence that other micronutrients—including selenium, iron, zinc, and vitamin D—also influence thyroid function. Both deficiency and excess may impair hormone synthesis, immune regulation, and treatment outcomes.

Dietary habits, particularly a high intake of highly processed foods, may contribute to suboptimal micronutrient intake. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones; however, both insufficient and excessive intake carry risks. Selenium supports antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism, iron is required for the activity of thyroid peroxidase, zinc contributes to hormonal regulation, and vitamin D may play a role in autoimmune thyroid diseases, although causality remains unclear.

Food components such as goitrogens are generally considered harmless when iodine intake is adequate, and proper food preparation can further reduce potential effects. In addition, nutrient interactions—particularly those involving complex foods and levothyroxine—are clinically relevant with regard to bioavailability and require attention to timing of intake and meal composition.

Overall, maintaining a balanced micronutrient status is highly relevant for thyroid health; however, routine supplementation beyond confirmed deficiencies is not supported by current evidence. Regular monitoring can help detect and treat deficiencies at an early stage and help to avoid the development of certain thyroid diseases.