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<p>Study forecasted the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids containing clove-treated graphene nano-platelets (CGNPs) flowing in a heated tube numerically utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS<sup>®</sup> 19.1. The research was carried out for both turbulent and laminar regimes, for two contraction effects with four different wavelengths were inserted sequentially in the tube area involving heat flux. Input heat flux of 12,752 W/m<sup>2</sup> was applied to the tube. An eco-friendly synthesis method, free radical grafting reaction, was used to prepare the covalently functionalized GNPs with clove buds. Thermophysical properties of CGNP nanofluids were experimentally evaluated for three different concentrations. The CFD simulations were run using the experimentally determined thermophysical properties of the aqueous nanofluids to solve the flow and thermal governing equations. Shear stress transport <i>k–ω</i> is used to model the turbulence for weight concentrations 0.025&#xa0;wt%, 0.075&#xa0;wt%, and 0.1&#xa0;wt% of nanoparticles in aqueous nanofluids, the convective heat transfer rate and Nusselt number were investigated. The average relative deviation of the simulation results was around ± 2%, indicating consistency with the simulation data reported. The demonstrated findings provided evidence that the numerical model was accurate in simulating the heat transfer properties of CGNP aqueous Nanofluids in turbulent and laminar flow regimes.</p>

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Numerical simulation of thermal performance of graphene nanofluids in circular wavy tube for solar energy application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月21日

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  • Imtiaz Ahmad,
  • Bilal Akbar Chuddher,
  • Yusra Rani,
  • Naveed Akram,
  • Muhammad Yamin Younis,
  • Aamar Abbasi,
  • Waseh Farooq

摘要

Study forecasted the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids containing clove-treated graphene nano-platelets (CGNPs) flowing in a heated tube numerically utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS® 19.1. The research was carried out for both turbulent and laminar regimes, for two contraction effects with four different wavelengths were inserted sequentially in the tube area involving heat flux. Input heat flux of 12,752 W/m2 was applied to the tube. An eco-friendly synthesis method, free radical grafting reaction, was used to prepare the covalently functionalized GNPs with clove buds. Thermophysical properties of CGNP nanofluids were experimentally evaluated for three different concentrations. The CFD simulations were run using the experimentally determined thermophysical properties of the aqueous nanofluids to solve the flow and thermal governing equations. Shear stress transport k–ω is used to model the turbulence for weight concentrations 0.025 wt%, 0.075 wt%, and 0.1 wt% of nanoparticles in aqueous nanofluids, the convective heat transfer rate and Nusselt number were investigated. The average relative deviation of the simulation results was around ± 2%, indicating consistency with the simulation data reported. The demonstrated findings provided evidence that the numerical model was accurate in simulating the heat transfer properties of CGNP aqueous Nanofluids in turbulent and laminar flow regimes.