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<p>This study investigates the synergistic effects of 1-pentanol, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (80&#xa0;ppm), and hydrogen enrichment (10 lpm) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine. Test fuels included D100 (pure diesel), D90P10 (90% diesel + 10% 1-pentanol), D80P20 (80% diesel + 20% 1-pentanol), D100CuO, D90P10CuOH<sub>2</sub>, and D80P20CuOH<sub>2</sub>. Experiments are conducted across engine speeds ranging from 1500 to 2800&#xa0;rpm. The D90P10CuOH<sub>2</sub> blend achieved a peak torque of 24.6 N·m at 1800&#xa0;rpm, marking a 5.96% increase over base D80P20. The D100CuO blend exhibited the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 24.8%, while the D80P20CuOH<sub>2</sub> blend recorded the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 336&#xa0;g/kWh. Emission analysis revealed CO reduction from 3.1 to 1.45&#xa0;g/kWh (a 53% decrease) and CO₂ reduction from 270 to 225&#xa0;g/kWh at lower speeds for hydrogen–nanoparticle-enhanced blends. However, NOₓ emissions slightly increased from 1.41 to 3.43&#xa0;g/kWh due to elevated combustion temperatures induced by hydrogen addition. The study also employed artificial neural network (ANN) models, achieving high predictive accuracy with R values exceeding 0.99 and a minimum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.49% for BTE. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of integrating CuO nanoparticles and hydrogen in alcohol diesel blends to boost engine performance and reduce emissions, presenting a viable pathway for cleaner and more efficient fuel strategies in compression ignition engines. </p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synergistic effects of nanoparticle addition and hydrogen enrichment fuels on CRDI engine: AI-based prediction of engine characteristics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月27日

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  • S. K. Gugulothu,
  • Praveen Barmavatu

摘要

This study investigates the synergistic effects of 1-pentanol, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (80 ppm), and hydrogen enrichment (10 lpm) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine. Test fuels included D100 (pure diesel), D90P10 (90% diesel + 10% 1-pentanol), D80P20 (80% diesel + 20% 1-pentanol), D100CuO, D90P10CuOH2, and D80P20CuOH2. Experiments are conducted across engine speeds ranging from 1500 to 2800 rpm. The D90P10CuOH2 blend achieved a peak torque of 24.6 N·m at 1800 rpm, marking a 5.96% increase over base D80P20. The D100CuO blend exhibited the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 24.8%, while the D80P20CuOH2 blend recorded the lowest brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 336 g/kWh. Emission analysis revealed CO reduction from 3.1 to 1.45 g/kWh (a 53% decrease) and CO₂ reduction from 270 to 225 g/kWh at lower speeds for hydrogen–nanoparticle-enhanced blends. However, NOₓ emissions slightly increased from 1.41 to 3.43 g/kWh due to elevated combustion temperatures induced by hydrogen addition. The study also employed artificial neural network (ANN) models, achieving high predictive accuracy with R values exceeding 0.99 and a minimum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.49% for BTE. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of integrating CuO nanoparticles and hydrogen in alcohol diesel blends to boost engine performance and reduce emissions, presenting a viable pathway for cleaner and more efficient fuel strategies in compression ignition engines.

Graphical abstract