<p>The investigation of Darcy-Brinkman magneto-thermal convection in Casson nanofluids containing suspended dust particles holds significant relevance for advanced heat transfer systems, energy storage technologies, and thermal management applications in aerospace, microelectronics, and biomedical devices. It also plays a vital role in optimizing industrial processes involving nanofluid suspensions under magnetic influences. In this study, we analyse the impact of an applied magnetic field on thermal convection in a Casson nanofluid permeated with suspended dust particles within a Darcy-Brinkman porous medium, considering free-free, rigid-rigid, and rigid-free thermally conducting boundary conditions. The magnetic field, Casson fluid parameter, and nanoparticle effects are incorporated into the momentum balance equations. Using linear stability theory, a dispersion relation for the Rayleigh number is derived to predict the onset of convection. The analysis employs both analytical and numerical methods, with computational support from Wolfram Mathematica and graphical visualization via MATLAB. The study presents a detailed examination of key parameters—including the Casson parameter, suspended particle concentration, Darcy-Brinkman number, Lewis number, modified diffusivity ratio, porosity of the medium, and nanoparticle Rayleigh number—to assess their stabilizing or destabilizing effects on the initiation of convection under various boundary configurations. Results indicate that both the Casson parameter and the suspended particle parameter act to destabilize the magneto-convective system across all boundary types, while the Darcy-Brinkman number consistently exhibits a stabilizing influence. All findings are thoroughly compared with existing literature through both graphical and analytical means, ensuring the validity and significance of the results.</p>