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<p>The purpose of this research is to investigate the novel dynamics of an engine oil-based Casson hybrid nanofluid along a stretching sheet by incorporating the Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion model and motile gyrotactic microorganisms. The study uniquely accounts for the combined effects of the Darcy–Forchheimer medium, magnetic field, thermal radiation, and activation energy, which have not been comprehensively explored together in the previous studies. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically via the shooting approach in MATLAB. The drag force, heat, and mass transfer rates are calculated and analyzed. Notably, a 20% increase in the porosity has shown to reduce the heat transfer rate by 6.02% for engine oil-based Casson mono-nanofluid and 5.91% for hybrid nanofluid. The Forchheimer parameter and the bio-convection Peclet number significantly influence the fluid velocity and the density distribution of motile microorganisms. These novel findings contribute to advance applications in lubrication systems, industrial cooling processes, and microbial transport in biotechnology.</p>

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A theoretical study on (\(\hbox {TiO}_2\) + Ag)/EO hybrid Casson nanofluid with motile micro-organisms in non-Fourier heat flux model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Taqmeem Bibi,
  • Muhammad Sagheer,
  • Hassan Shahzad

摘要

The purpose of this research is to investigate the novel dynamics of an engine oil-based Casson hybrid nanofluid along a stretching sheet by incorporating the Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion model and motile gyrotactic microorganisms. The study uniquely accounts for the combined effects of the Darcy–Forchheimer medium, magnetic field, thermal radiation, and activation energy, which have not been comprehensively explored together in the previous studies. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically via the shooting approach in MATLAB. The drag force, heat, and mass transfer rates are calculated and analyzed. Notably, a 20% increase in the porosity has shown to reduce the heat transfer rate by 6.02% for engine oil-based Casson mono-nanofluid and 5.91% for hybrid nanofluid. The Forchheimer parameter and the bio-convection Peclet number significantly influence the fluid velocity and the density distribution of motile microorganisms. These novel findings contribute to advance applications in lubrication systems, industrial cooling processes, and microbial transport in biotechnology.