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<p>This work examines the flow of SWCNT-Fe₃O₄ and MWCNT-CuO hybrid nanofluids along a stretched cylinder, focussing on heat transmission and Biot number. The nanoparticles Fe₃O₄, CuO, SWCNT, and MWCNT are disseminated in kerosene oil (base fluid). The effects of heat radiation and surface injection are also studied. The governing PDEs are converted into ordinary differential equations along with their boundary conditions and are solved numerically using MATLAB's Bvp4c solver. The Response Surface Methodology is used to assess the effect of numerous elements. The findings show that velocity rises with greater nanoparticle volume fractions but decreases with suction/injection. The temperature profile improves as the nanoparticle percentage increases, as do the radiation parameter and Biot number values. This study reveals the ability of hybrid nanofluids to increase thermal conductivity, with implications for industrial cooling, automotive and aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, renewable energy systems, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications. The studies focus on increased heat transfer efficiency, energy savings, and sustainability. Future study might concentrate on enhanced heat flux models, dynamic field effects, and transient 3D flows to improve our knowledge of hybrid nanofluids. Experimental validation, machine learning-based optimisation, and research into sustainable base fluid alternatives might all improve practical applications.</p>

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Computational insights into the thermal behavior of SWCNT-Fe₃O₄ and MWCNT-CuO hybrid nanofluids in stretching cylinder with Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月10日

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  • Umar Farooq,
  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Nahid Fatima

摘要

This work examines the flow of SWCNT-Fe₃O₄ and MWCNT-CuO hybrid nanofluids along a stretched cylinder, focussing on heat transmission and Biot number. The nanoparticles Fe₃O₄, CuO, SWCNT, and MWCNT are disseminated in kerosene oil (base fluid). The effects of heat radiation and surface injection are also studied. The governing PDEs are converted into ordinary differential equations along with their boundary conditions and are solved numerically using MATLAB's Bvp4c solver. The Response Surface Methodology is used to assess the effect of numerous elements. The findings show that velocity rises with greater nanoparticle volume fractions but decreases with suction/injection. The temperature profile improves as the nanoparticle percentage increases, as do the radiation parameter and Biot number values. This study reveals the ability of hybrid nanofluids to increase thermal conductivity, with implications for industrial cooling, automotive and aerospace engineering, biomedical devices, renewable energy systems, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning applications. The studies focus on increased heat transfer efficiency, energy savings, and sustainability. Future study might concentrate on enhanced heat flux models, dynamic field effects, and transient 3D flows to improve our knowledge of hybrid nanofluids. Experimental validation, machine learning-based optimisation, and research into sustainable base fluid alternatives might all improve practical applications.