<p>The analysis of latest nanofluid class (ternary nanofluid) gained huge interest of the engineers and researchers. These fluid are modified form of hybrid and mono nanofluids with heat transfer rate. Therefore, the major concerns of this paradigm are to study the heat transfer performance of non-radiated ternary nanofluid by considering stagnation point flow towards vertical surface. For effective performance, the physical effects of thermal slip, porous media, magnetic field, Joule heating and convective heating conditions are engaged. The obtained model discussed numerically and then checked the physical parameters effects through graphs. The porous resistance in the range of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41939_2025_747_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\text{0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> reduces the velocity. The dissipation effects (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41939_2025_747_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="141" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Ec=\text{0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mtext>0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and Newtonian heating enhances the temperature and dominant increases is observed near the surface. Further, the Biot number (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41939_2025_747_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="139" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Bi=\text{0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mtext>0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and thermal slip (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41939_2025_747_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="137" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\alpha }_{1}=\text{0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mtext>0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) improve the performance while it becomes slow for higher <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41939_2025_747_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Da$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Da</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (Darcy) and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41939_2025_747_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$Fr$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Fr</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (Forchheimer) effects.</p>

Multiscale parametric influence on stagnation point Darcy-Forchheimer single phase ternary nanofluid problem using solar radiations: design for vertical sheet

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年2月15日

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Adnan,
Warisha Gul,
Zafar Mahmood,
Sami Ullah Khan,
Muhammad Bilal,
A. M. Obalalu,
Yasir Khan,
Iskander Tlili

摘要

The analysis of latest nanofluid class (ternary nanofluid) gained huge interest of the engineers and researchers. These fluid are modified form of hybrid and mono nanofluids with heat transfer rate. Therefore, the major concerns of this paradigm are to study the heat transfer performance of non-radiated ternary nanofluid by considering stagnation point flow towards vertical surface. For effective performance, the physical effects of thermal slip, porous media, magnetic field, Joule heating and convective heating conditions are engaged. The obtained model discussed numerically and then checked the physical parameters effects through graphs. The porous resistance in the range of $\text{0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4}$ $0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4$ reduces the velocity. The dissipation effects ( $Ec=\text{0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0}$ $E c = 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0$ ) and Newtonian heating enhances the temperature and dominant increases is observed near the surface. Further, the Biot number ( $Bi=\text{0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0}$ $B i = 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0$ ) and thermal slip ( ${\alpha }_{1}=\text{0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2}$ $α_{1} = 0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2$ ) improve the performance while it becomes slow for higher $Da$ $Da$ (Darcy) and $Fr$ $Fr$ (Forchheimer) effects.