<p>The aim of this review study is to provide a concise overview of the Design of Experiment method and its application to optimise advanced textile processes including melt-spinning of polymeric filaments and fibres and electrospinning of polymeric nanofibres. This work sheds lights on the important aspects and conditions that must be considered when this method is applied. These include types of experimental design, selection of factors’ levels, importance of factor interactions, the basic rules needed to apply this method successfully and the benefits obtained. Further, the most important analysis tools needed to analyse the results are also referred to, to reap the greatest benefits of experimental data. Following this, a comprehensive summary of many relevant studies on melt-spinning of polymeric filaments and electrospinning of nanofibres that were based on the Design of Experiment were presented. The summary included the experimental design of each study, the number of factors and levels used and the results, while constructive critiques were provided to data analysis and conclusions. Based on this method, the literature indicated that the significant interactions of factors affecting nanofibre diameter were between electric field strength and concentration of polymer, ratio of solvents and electric field strength, applied voltage and flow rate, feed rate and tip distance, and also second order interactions of solution concentration with itself, applied voltage with itself and spinning distance with itself. Further, it was also found the significant interaction affecting bead area was between interaction of feed rate and distance. For nanofibre strength, the significant interactions were binary -and second order interactions (each factor with itself) of solution concentration, applied voltage and spinning distance. In core–shell nanofibres with additives, the release rate of additive/active materials was related to concentrations of both shell and core solutions. The literature also showed that the significant interactions affecting the melt-spinning process, its productivity and the properties of as-spun melt-spun filaments are as follows. For the crystallographic order (overall orientation) measured by birefringence value of the resultant filament: interaction of metering pump speed and winding speed, spinning temperature and winding-up speed, melt-flow index and temperature of the last two stages of the extruder barrel, temperature profile of hopper and first stage of the barrel and temperature profile of the last two barrel stages, temperature profile of last two stages of barrel and temperature profile of die assembly stages, number of drawing steps and relaxation temperature, drawing temperature and heat-relaxation plate temperature. For filament degree of crystallization: the interactions of drawing stages number and total drawing ratio, drawing temperature and relaxing stage ratio and spin finish application and relaxing stage ratio. For filament tenacity: the interactions of melt extrusion temperature and metering pump speed, and metering pump speeds and winding speed. For filament modulus: the interactions of quenching air speed and winding speed, metering pump speed and winding speed, melt-flow index and temperature profile of extruder die zones, and melt flow index and combined temperature profile of hopper and first stage of extruder barrel. For filament elongation at break: interaction of melt flow index and temperature profile of extruder die zones, spinning temperature (melt extrusion temperature) and take-up velocity, and the second order interactions (each factor with itself) of spinning temperature, spinning pressure, and take-up speed. For filament thermal shrinkage the interactions of melt extrusion temperature and winding speed (take-up velocity), melt extrusion temperature and metering pump speed, drawing stage number and drawing temperature, total drawing ratio and relaxing stage ratio, draw plate temperature and relaxation temperature, drawing stages number and total draw ratio and drawing temperature and relaxation temperature. For filament drawability: the interaction of spinning temperature and winding speed. For filament spin draw ratio: the interaction of metering pump speed and winding speed. Finally, for extruder productivity: interaction of melt flow index and combined extrusion machine die zones temperature. It is hoped that this review will encourage more researchers and technologists to conduct broad studies using the Design of Experiment method to obtain robust and comprehensive results and conclusions.</p>