Challenges and outlooks on stability of inverted perovskite solar cells: a review insight

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have received prominence in the photovoltaic horizon due to its attained power conversion efficiency exceeding 26%. However, the problems connected to long-term stability have created a vacuum that limited its commercial viability in the global photovoltaic (PV) market. To encourage further research on IPSC, several initiatives, have been utilized by researchers across the globe to overcome this non-ideal stability. In this review paper, recent advancement in the progress of inverted perovskite solar cells are presented. We summarized the evolution of PSCs from regular to inverted structure and the notable progress made in the development of IPSCs. Notably, the stability issues in IPSCs were systematically discussed based on functional layer, interface layer and environmental outlook. A series of strategies for improving stability were also discussed in a systematic way and perspectives were provided as recommendations for guiding the future development of stability in IPSCs.