Magnetohydrodynamic buoyancy-driven flow of chemically reactive ternary hybrid nanofluid over a moving porous vertical surface with radiation absorption and heat source

Optimizing heat transmission and fluid dynamics in advanced engineering applications requires a thorough understanding of the buoyancy-driven flow of chemically reactive ternary nanoliquid over a moving vertical surface. In view of this, a comparative analysis between a pure fluid (water) and a ternary nanofluid (Cu (copper) – Al₂O₃ (Aluminum oxide) – TiO₂ (Titanium dioxide)/H₂O (water)) is examined across a vertically moving plate is explored in this current study. Moreover, the unsteady laminar natural convective flow of an incompressible fluid is employed to get a higher thermal conductivity of ternary nanofluid than pure fluid, which is a novel aspect of the work. The vertical plate moves at a constant velocity, whereas the temperature and concentration are regarded as periodically harmonic and maintain a constant mean at the plate. The governing equations are solved using the perturbation approach. An analysis of the effects of several physical parameters is studied using graphs and tables. Compared to the ternary nanofluid, the pure fluid has a cooler temperature. The buoyant force and thickness of thermal boundary layers increase due to elevated radiation absorption values. The heat transfer rate is greater in single nanofluid than in hybrid nanofluid, surpassing ternary nanofluid.