Thermal features of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid based on the upgraded version of Yamada-Ota and Xue models with convective flow constraint

This study presents the thermophysical characteristics of a Jeffery hybrid nanofluid through extended versions of the Yamada-Ota model and Xue model corresponding to convective boundary constraint. The flow of Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid in two dimensions with the mechanism of heat transfer through a stretchable curved surface is analyzed. Two nanoparticles namely Copper \((Cu)\) $(Cu)$ and Aluminum Oxide \((A{l}_{2}{O}_{3})\) $(A{l}_2{O}_3)$ brought into consideration for hybrid nanofluid. The analysis of heat transfer is carried out using the Xue model and the Yamada-Ota model to evaluate their effectiveness with the significance of thermal radiation. By utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the physical flow problem is formulated in mathematical form. Through an efficient bvp4c technique in MATLAB, the nonlinear constitutive equations are analyzed numerically. Tabular and graphical visualization are adopted to scrutinize the influences of physical factors on the nature of the thermal and velocity fields. This study manifests the declining outcomes of thermal transport subject to improved curvature parameter in the context of both concerned models.